The nurse is assessing a group of older adult clients. Which factor in a client's history places the client at greatest risk for developing colon cancer?
Eats a high-fat diet.
Is excessively exposed to sunlight.
Smokes cigars.
Has intestinal polyps.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: A high-fat diet, particularly one rich in red and processed meats, is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer. However, it is not the strongest predictor when compared to structural abnormalities like polyps.
Choice B reason: Excessive exposure to sunlight is primarily linked to skin cancers such as melanoma, not colon cancer. It does not significantly contribute to colorectal cancer risk.
Choice C reason: Smoking cigars and other tobacco products is a known risk factor for many cancers, including colorectal cancer. However, its impact is less direct than the presence of precancerous lesions like polyps.
Choice D reason: Intestinal polyps, especially adenomatous polyps, are considered precancerous lesions. Their presence significantly increases the risk of developing colon cancer, making this the most critical factor among the choices.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Applying home oxygen may support oxygenation but does not address the underlying cause of lethargy, which in CKD is often due to toxin buildup, fluid overload, or electrolyte imbalance.
Choice B reason: Avoiding salt intake is a long-term dietary strategy for managing fluid retention and hypertension in CKD, but it is not an immediate intervention for acute symptoms like altered mental status.
Choice C reason: Checking for a thrill and bruit assesses the patency of the dialysis access site, but it does not address the urgent need for medical evaluation and possible dialysis.
Choice D reason: Lethargy and difficulty arousing in a CKD patient who missed dialysis are red flags for uremia, hyperkalemia, or fluid overload. Immediate transport to the emergency department is critical to initiate life-saving interventions such as dialysis and electrolyte correction.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: While notifying the provider is important, it is not the first action. The nurse must first identify the cause of the hypotension and symptoms before escalating.
Choice B reason: Lung sounds may be relevant if respiratory compromise is suspected, but the symptoms here point more toward circulatory instability.
Choice C reason: Ensuring IV fluids are running is supportive, but it does not directly address the potential cause of the hypotension and restlessness.
Choice D reason: Checking under the back for bleeding is the most immediate and targeted action. Postoperative hemorrhage is a common cause of hypotension and altered mental status, and identifying it quickly can be life-saving.
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