The nurse is assessing a patient who is malnourished and has a history of poor nutrition. The patient reports difficulty seeing at night. This patient is likely to be deficient in which fat-soluble vitamin?

B complex

A (retinol)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. B complex: The B vitamins are water-soluble and play roles in energy metabolism, nerve function, and red blood cell production. They are not directly linked to vision or night blindness.

B. A (retinol): Vitamin A is essential for the production of rhodopsin, a pigment in the retina that allows for vision in low-light conditions. Deficiency leads to night blindness and, if prolonged, can cause more severe eye damage such as xerophthalmia.

C. D: Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and bone health. Deficiency results in rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, but it does not cause difficulty with night vision.

D. K: Vitamin K plays a crucial role in blood clotting and bone health. Its deficiency leads to impaired coagulation and increased bleeding risk, not visual disturbances or night blindness.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hypothermia: Diarrhea usually causes fluid and electrolyte loss but does not directly result in hypothermia. More commonly, dehydration and electrolyte imbalances occur, while temperature changes are related to infection or other systemic causes.

B. Rigid abdomen: A rigid abdomen is often associated with peritonitis or acute abdominal emergencies, not uncomplicated diarrhea. Diarrhea generally causes cramping, urgency, and loose stools without producing abdominal rigidity.

C. Decreased bowel sounds: Diarrhea is caused by increased intestinal motility, so bowel sounds are typically hyperactive rather than decreased. Hypoactive or absent bowel sounds are seen more often with conditions like ileus or severe hypokalemia.

D. Dehydration: Persistent diarrhea leads to significant fluid and electrolyte loss, resulting in dehydration. Expected findings include dry mucous membranes, poor skin turgor, hypotension, and concentrated urine output.

A. A B. B C. C D. D

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This is the dorsalis pedis pulse located on the dorsum of the foot along the extensor hallucis longus tendon.

B. This is the posterior tibial located behind and slightly below the medial malleolus on the inner aspect of the ankle.

C. This is the popliteal artery pulse found behind the knee in the popliteal fossa. It assesses circulation above the tibia, not posterior tibial.

D. This is the femoral pulse found in the groin (inguinal area), useful for assessing central circulation, but not posterior tibial.

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The nurse is assessing a patient who is malnourished and has a history of poor nutrition. The patient reports difficulty seeing at night. This patient is likely to be deficient in which fat-soluble vitamin?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has had diarrhea for several days. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client's peripheral circulation. In which of the following locations should the nurse palpate to assess the posterior tibial pulse? (Selectable areas, or "Hot Spots," are outlined in the artwork below. Select only the outlined area that corresponds to your answer.)

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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