The nurse is aware that cloudy cerebrospinal fluid most likely indicates:
No infection because cerebrospinal fluid is usually cloudy.
Bacterial meningitis.
Sepsis.
Viral meningitis.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Cerebrospinal fluid is normally clear, not cloudy. Cloudiness indicates abnormalities like infection or blood. The statement that cerebrospinal fluid is usually cloudy is incorrect, as clarity is a hallmark of healthy fluid, making this choice scientifically inaccurate.
Choice B reason: Cloudy cerebrospinal fluid is a hallmark of bacterial meningitis, caused by pus from bacterial proliferation (e.g., Neisseria meningitidis). Neutrophils and bacteria increase fluid turbidity, reflecting severe meningeal inflammation, distinguishing it from viral meningitis, which typically produces clearer fluid.
Choice C reason: Sepsis is a systemic infection, not specific to cerebrospinal fluid. While it may accompany meningitis, cloudy cerebrospinal fluid directly indicates meningeal infection, not generalized sepsis, which affects blood and organs, making this a less precise diagnosis for the finding.
Choice D reason: Viral meningitis typically produces clear or slightly cloudy cerebrospinal fluid, as it causes less cellular debris than bacterial meningitis. Lymphocytic predominance in viral infections results in minimal turbidity, making this less likely than bacterial meningitis for cloudy fluid.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Blood glucose monitoring is not routinely required for levothyroxine therapy in hypothyroidism. While thyroid hormones influence metabolism, levothyroxine rarely causes significant glucose fluctuations. Monitoring is reserved for diabetic patients, making this irrelevant for routine hypothyroidism management unless other conditions are present.
Choice B reason: Continuous body temperature monitoring is unnecessary for levothyroxine therapy. Hypothyroidism may cause cold intolerance, but levothyroxine corrects this, and temperature fluctuations are not a primary concern. Thyroid function tests are more critical to assess treatment efficacy and dosing accuracy.
Choice C reason: Routine thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) monitoring is essential for levothyroxine therapy to ensure proper dosing. TSH levels reflect thyroid function, guiding adjustments to prevent under- or over-treatment, which can cause symptoms like fatigue or palpitations, ensuring optimal management of hypothyroidism.
Choice D reason: Blood pressure monitoring is not a primary focus for levothyroxine. While excessive dosing may cause tachycardia or hypertension, routine TSH monitoring ensures proper thyroid hormone levels, indirectly stabilizing cardiovascular effects, making blood pressure checks secondary to thyroid function tests.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Simple spasm seizures involve brief muscle contractions, not daydreaming-like episodes. These seizures, seen in conditions like infantile spasms, cause sudden jerking movements, unlike the brief staring spells of absence seizures, which align with the described pencil-dropping and unresponsiveness.
Choice B reason: Absence seizures cause brief episodes of unresponsiveness, often with staring, lasting seconds, resembling daydreaming. Common in children, they involve generalized epileptiform activity in the brain, interrupting attention, leading to actions like dropping objects, with rapid return to normal activity.
Choice C reason: Non-epileptic seizures are psychogenic, triggered by stress, not neurological dysfunction. They may mimic seizures but lack epileptiform brain activity. The described brief, stereotypical episodes suggest a neurological cause, like absence seizures, rather than a psychological origin.
Choice D reason: Akinetic seizures cause sudden loss of muscle tone, leading to falls, not just dropping objects with a daydreaming appearance. These seizures involve brief atonic episodes, differing from the staring and unresponsiveness characteristic of absence seizures in the described scenario.
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