The nurse is aware that which of the following results when a decreased concentration of hydrogen ions occurs within body fluids?
They become acidic.
They become alkaline.
Carbon ions are retained.
Oxygen ions are released into the blood.
The Correct Answer is B
A. They become acidic: Acidity is defined by a higher concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), so a decreased concentration of hydrogen ions would not lead to acidity. Acidic fluids have a higher H+ concentration, not a lower one.
B. They become alkaline: A decreased concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) leads to an increase in pH, making the fluids more alkaline. Alkaline conditions are characterized by a lower H+ concentration, resulting in a higher pH level.
C. Carbon ions are retained: Carbon ions do not directly relate to the concentration of hydrogen ions in body fluids. The primary ions involved in acid-base balance are hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions, not carbon ions.
D. Oxygen ions are released into the blood: Oxygen ions do not have a direct relationship with the concentration of hydrogen ions in the body. The release of oxygen into the blood is related to respiratory function and hemoglobin, not hydrogen ion concentration.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Encourage oral fluid intake: While hydration can be important for managing hypercalcemia, it is not the first priority in this scenario. A serum calcium level of 14 mg/dL is significantly elevated, and the immediate concern is the potential effect of high calcium levels on the heart and other systems.
B. Connect the client to a cardiac monitor: Elevated calcium levels (hypercalcemia) can lead to serious cardiac complications, including arrhythmias. The immediate priority is to monitor the heart's rhythm to detect any changes or disturbances caused by the high calcium level.
C. Assess urinary output: Although monitoring urinary output is important for assessing kidney function, it is not the first action to take in response to a critically high calcium level. The immediate concern is cardiac function and the potential for life-threatening arrhythmias.
D. Administer oral calcitonin (Calcimar): The first action should be to monitor the cardiac status due to the high risk of arrhythmias associated with hypercalcemia. Other interventions, such as administering calcitonin or IV fluids, can follow once the patient’s cardiac status is stabilized.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. 0.225% sodium chloride (1/4 NS): This hypotonic solution can shift fluids into cells but is not ideal for isotonic therapy. It may cause fluid imbalance and not restore extracellular fluid balance effectively in vomiting and diarrhea.
B. 0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 NS): This is another hypotonic solution that may cause fluid shifts into the cells. It is not isotonic, making it less appropriate for fluid replacement in this case.
C. 0.9% sodium chloride (NS): Normal saline is an isotonic solution that closely matches the osmolality of body fluids. It is the best choice to replace extracellular fluid lost from vomiting and diarrhea.
D. 3% sodium chloride (3% NaCl): This hypertonic solution is used for severe hyponatremia and shifts fluids out of cells. It is inappropriate for fluid replacement in vomiting and diarrhea, as it could lead to fluid overload.
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