The regulatory system of acid-base balance takes the longest time to respond, and regulates the pH of extracellular fluid (ECF) by eliminating hydrogen ions or bicarbonate in body fluids?
respiratory system
chemical buffer systems
endocrine system
renal system
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. The respiratory system responds within minutes by altering CO₂ levels through breathing, but it is not the slowest system.
B. Chemical buffer systems act immediately to maintain pH balance but are only a temporary solution.
C. The endocrine system plays a role in general homeostasis but is not a primary regulator of acid-base balance.
D. The renal system is the slowest but most powerful regulator of acid-base balance. It maintains long-term pH stability by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. TUMS (calcium carbonate) is an alkaline antacid. Excessive use can lead to increased bicarbonate levels in the blood, causing metabolic alkalosis, especially when used to neutralize gastric acid frequently.
B. Metabolic acidosis would be more likely with diarrhea, renal failure, or overuse of acidic substances, not antacids.
C. Respiratory acidosis is caused by hypoventilation and CO₂ retention, such as in chronic lung disease, not by taking antacids.
D. Respiratory alkalosis is associated with hyperventilation, anxiety, or high altitude—not relevant to antacid use.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Chvostek’s sign is a clinical indicator of hypocalcemia. It is elicited by tapping the facial nerve in front of the ear, which causes twitching of the facial muscles in clients with low calcium levels due to increased neuromuscular excitability.
B. Brudzinski’s sign indicates meningeal irritation, such as in meningitis, not hypocalcemia.
C. Cullen’s sign is bruising around the umbilicus, associated with intra-abdominal bleeding, not electrolyte imbalance.
D. Kernig’s sign is another sign of meningeal irritation and is unrelated to calcium levels.
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