The regulatory system of acid-base balance takes the longest time to respond, and regulates the pH of extracellular fluid (ECF) by eliminating hydrogen ions or bicarbonate in body fluids?

respiratory system

chemical buffer systems

endocrine system

renal system

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Rationale:
A. The respiratory system responds within minutes by altering CO₂ levels through breathing, but it is not the slowest system.
B. Chemical buffer systems act immediately to maintain pH balance but are only a temporary solution.
C. The endocrine system plays a role in general homeostasis but is not a primary regulator of acid-base balance.
D. The renal system is the slowest but most powerful regulator of acid-base balance. It maintains long-term pH stability by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Metabolic alkalosis occurs because vomiting causes loss of gastric hydrochloric acid (HCl), reducing hydrogen ions in the body and increasing blood pH. This is the most common acid-base imbalance associated with prolonged vomiting.
B. Respiratory alkalosis results from excessive loss of CO₂ due to hyperventilation, unrelated to vomiting.
C. Respiratory acidosis results from hypoventilation causing CO₂ retention; vomiting does not cause this.
D. Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is a loss of bicarbonate or accumulation of acids, such as in diarrhea or ketoacidosis, not typically from vomiting.

A. prevent the effects of elevated potassium on the cardiac muscle B. treat hyperkalemia C. treat hyponatremia D. manage metabolic acidosis

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:
A. While sodium bicarbonate can help mitigate some cardiac effects of hyperkalemia, this is not its primary indication.
B. Sodium bicarbonate may be used as an adjunct in hyperkalemia but not as a direct treatment.
C. Sodium bicarbonate does not treat hyponatremia.
D. Sodium bicarbonate is primarily used to neutralize excess acid in the blood and manage metabolic acidosis by increasing blood pH.

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The regulatory system of acid-base balance takes the longest time to respond, and regulates the pH of extracellular fluid (ECF) by eliminating hydrogen ions or bicarbonate in body fluids?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

If a patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours, the nurse is aware that this loss of stomach contents can result in:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The physician has ordered 1 amp of sodium bicarbonate to be added to the client's IVF. The parents of the client want to know what this drug is used for. The student nurse tells the parents that this is commonly given to:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is providing care for a client with emphysema, The nurse reviews the results of the arterial blood gases and determines the client is experiencing respiratory acidosis. The nurse would expect to find which of the following on the laboratory results?

A nurse is reviewing a client's admission laboratory findings that indicate the client has hyponatremia. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse also expect to be below the expected reference range?

The nurse is aware that the compensating mechanism, that is most likely to occur in the presence of respiratory acidosis is:

A nurse is caring for an infant who is dehydrated and requires IV therapy. The nurse should monitor the infant's response to therapy by performing which of the following actions?

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Arterial blood gas levels are obtained for the client. If the client's results are pH 7.48, pCo2 42mmHg, and HCO3 32 mEq/L, the client is exhibiting which one of the following acid-base imbalances?

A nurse is caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and documents that the client is experiencing Kussmaul respirations. Based on this documentation, which of the following did the nurse most likely observe?