The nurse is preparing a client with breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing. Which pathophysiological process should the nurse use to support client teaching?

The choice of treatment is best determined by the sensitivity of these genetic markers.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 provide protection of mature, functioning breast and ovarian cells.

Mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 identify a client’s risk for cancerous cell development in breast tissue.

The prognosis of breast cancer is most successful when these markers are inherited mutations.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale
While the sensitivity of genetic markers can influence the choice of treatment, it is not the primary pathophysiological process involved in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing. The main purpose of these tests is to identify genetic mutations that increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer.
Choice B rationale
BRCA1 and BRCA2 do play a role in protecting mature, functioning breast and ovarian cells. However, this is not the primary reason for conducting BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing. The main purpose of these tests is to identify mutations that increase cancer risk.
Choice C rationale

This is the correct answer. Mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 can significantly increase a person’s risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer. Therefore, identifying these mutations through genetic testing can help determine a person’s cancer risk.
Choice D rationale
While inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 can influence the prognosis of breast cancer, the primary purpose of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing is to identify mutations that increase cancer risk, not to determine prognosis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Histamine H2-receptor antagonists, also known as H2 blockers, are medications that help reduce the production of gastric acid. They achieve this by blocking H2 receptors in the parietal cells of the stomach, which are responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl)12. This reduction in acid secretion can help treat conditions such as peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, which are all conditions that can be exacerbated by excessive stomach acid.
Choice B rationale
While H2 blockers do help manage the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease, they do not directly destroy the microorganisms causing inflammation in the stomach. The primary cause of peptic ulcers is a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori, and the treatment for an H. pylori infection typically involves a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, not H2 blockers.
Choice C rationale
H2 blockers do not neutralize hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach. Instead, they work by reducing the amount of acid produced by the stomach. Antacids, not H2 blockers, are the class of drugs that work by neutralizing stomach acid.
Choice D rationale
H2 blockers do not inhibit the action of acetylcholine by blocking parasympathetic nerve endings. Anticholinergic medications are the ones that work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that transmits signals in the nervous system.

A. The patient’s currently prescribed medications. B. The increasing confusion of the patient. C. The patient’s healthcare power of attorney. D. The fall from a ladder as the reason for admission.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
While the patient’s currently prescribed medications are important information, they are not the most immediate concern in this situation. The healthcare provider will need this information, but it does not need to be the first piece of information provided.

Choice B rationale
The increasing confusion of the patient is the most immediate concern and should be communicated first. Confusion and disorientation can be signs of a serious condition such as a brain injury, especially following a fall. It is crucial to relay this information to the healthcare provider as soon as possible so that appropriate diagnostic tests can be ordered and treatment can be initiated.
Choice C rationale
The patient’s healthcare power of attorney is important information, especially if the patient’s condition worsens and they are unable to make decisions for themselves. However, this information does not need to be communicated first. The immediate concern is the patient’s medical condition.
Choice D rationale
The fall from a ladder is certainly important information as it provides context for the patient’s current condition. However, it does not need to be the first piece of information provided. The healthcare provider will likely infer that a fall has occurred based on the other information provided (e.g., confusion, potential loss of consciousness).

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The nurse is preparing a client with breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing. Which pathophysiological process should the nurse use to support client teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is about to administer a histamine 2-receptor antagonist to a patient with peptic ulcer disease. What is the primary purpose of this class of medication?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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