The nurse knows that cardiopulmonary adaptation in the neonate involves five major changes; which includes the closure of which fetal cardiac structures?

Foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, and septum.

Ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, and pulmonary artery.

Pulmonary vein, foramen ovale, and ductus venosus.

Ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. The septum does not close after birth.
B. The pulmonary artery does not close after birth.
C. The pulmonary vein does not close after birth.
D. After birth, the neonate's circulatory system undergoes significant changes, including the closure of: ductus venosus (bypasses the liver in fetal circulation), ductus arteriosus (bypasses the lungs), and foramen ovale (allows blood to flow between the right and left atria).

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Placing the baby under a warmer can be done if skin-to-skin is not effective.

B. CPR is unnecessary as the newborn’s vital signs are within normal limits for this age.

C. Skin-to-skin contact is the best initial intervention to stabilize temperature and promote bonding, which may also regulate respiratory and heart rates.

D. Oxygen is not indicated as the respiratory rate and oxygenation appear adequate.

A. Hemolysis of neonatal red blood cells by the maternal antibodies. B. Delayed meconium excretion resulting in the production of direct bilirubin. C. Pathological liver function resulting from hypoxemia during the birthing process. D. Physiological destruction of fetal red blood cells during the extrauterine period.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hemolysis by maternal antibodies suggests hemolytic disease of the newborn (e.g., Rh incompatibility), which typically presents earlier and more severely.
B. Delayed meconium excretion may lead to increased bilirubin, but this is not the most common cause of jaundice at 3 days.
C. Pathological jaundice occurs within the first 24 hours or persists longer than a week.
D. Physiological jaundice is a common finding in newborns due to the natural breakdown of fetal red blood cells (RBCs) and the immature liver's inability to efficiently process bilirubin.

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The nurse knows that cardiopulmonary adaptation in the neonate involves five major changes; which includes the closure of which fetal cardiac structures?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is assessing a 4-hour old newborn. The nurse's findings include an irregular respiratory rate at 58, heart rate of 138 with a regular rhythm, and axillary temperature of 97.4 °F. Based on these assessments which intervention(s) should the nurse perform first?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A 3-day-old infant is slightly jaundiced and has an elevated bilirubin level. What is the most probable cause for these changes?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a 1-day postpartum client that is breastfeeding a healthy full-term newborn. The client requests a bottle of formula and verbalizes that she does "not have any milk". What is the most appropriate response?

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