The nurse teaches a student nurse about diagnostic studies used for acute coronary syndrome. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

"A nitroprusside stress echocardiogram is used for patients with acute pericarditis."

"A pathologic Q wave is always present in the electrocardiogram (ECG) of patients with unstable angina."

"Serum cardiac markers are proteins that are released from necrotic heart muscle."

"Coronary angiography is the only way to confirm the diagnosis of unstable angina."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

This statement indicates effective learning because serum cardiac markers are indeed proteins that are released from necrotic (damaged) heart muscle cells when there is myocardial injury, such as in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). These markers are measured in blood tests and help in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS, particularly myocardial infarction (heart attack).

Option A is incorrect because a nitroprusside stress echocardiogram is not used for acute pericarditis. It is a diagnostic test used for evaluating coronary artery disease and ischemia.

Option B is incorrect because a pathologic Q wave is not always present in the electrocardiogram (ECG) of patients with unstable angina. It is a characteristic finding in the ECG of patients with a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack) but may not be present in unstable angina.

Option D is incorrect because coronary angiography is not the only way to confirm the diagnosis of unstable angina. Unstable angina is primarily diagnosed based on the clinical presentation, symptoms, and changes in the ECG. Coronary angiography is an invasive procedure used to visualize the coronary arteries directly and is typically reserved for cases where further assessment and intervention are needed, such as in cases of suspected coronary artery disease.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Hemodialysis is a treatment used to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood in individuals with kidney failure or chronic kidney disease. The primary purpose of hemodialysis is to filter and clear the blood of waste products that the kidneys can no longer remove adequately. As a result, one of the key indicators that hemodialysis is having the desired effect is a decrease in serum creatinine levels. Creatinine is a waste product that builds up in the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly. A decrease in serum creatinine indicates that the dialysis treatment is effectively removing waste products from the blood.

Weight loss is also a positive sign after hemodialysis since it indicates that excess fluid is being removed from the body. In individuals with kidney failure, the kidneys cannot adequately remove extra fluid, leading to fluid retention and weight gain. Hemodialysis helps to eliminate this excess fluid, leading to weight loss and reducing the risk of fluid overload-related complications.

The other options listed (decreased hematocrit and diuresis, increased potassium level and improved appetite, and decreased white blood cell count and diaphoresis) are not direct indicators of the effectiveness of hemodialysis in removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood.

A. Left-sided HF B. Right-sided HF C. Chronic heart failure (HF) D. Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF)

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The assessment findings of jugular venous distention, weight gain, peripheral edema, and a heart rate of 108/minute are consistent with right-sided heart failure (HF). Right-sided HF occurs when the right ventricle of the heart is unable to pump effectively, leading to congestion in the venous circulation. This can result in jugular venous distention (JVD) due to increased pressure in the jugular veins, peripheral edema due to fluid retention, and weight gain due to fluid accumulation.

Option A (Left-sided HF) may also present with similar symptoms like jugular venous distention, weight gain, and peripheral edema. However, in left-sided HF, there would typically be signs of pulmonary congestion, such as crackles in the lungs and shortness of breath.

Option C (Chronic heart failure) is a general term used for heart failure that has been present for an extended period, and it does not specify whether it is left-sided or right-sided heart failure.

Option D (Acute decompensated heart failure - ADHF) is a form of heart failure that presents with severe symptoms and requires urgent treatment. It is more of a clinical classification rather than a specific complication related to the symptoms mentioned in the scenario.

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The nurse teaches a student nurse about diagnostic studies used for acute coronary syndrome. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which assessment finding of a patient with chronic kidney disease indicates to the nurse that hemodialysis is having the desired effect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The assessment findings of a patient with myocardial infarction (MI) include jugular venous distention, weight gain, peripheral edema, and a heart rate of 108/minute. The nurse suspects what complication?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is providing teaching to a patient recovering from a myocardial infarction (MI). How should resumption of sexual activity be discussed?

The nurse identifies that a patient with chronic kidney disease is at risk for which electrolyte disturbance?

The nurse is assessing a client who has been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a hypertensive emergency. Which finding is most important to report to the health care provider?

The nurse is caring for a patient with manifestations of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). What is the priority nursing assessment?

A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following sets of values should the nurse expect?

A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is receiving hemodialysis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication the client is experiencing fluid overload?