The perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present is:

Otosclerosis

Conductive hearing loss

Tinnitus

Presbycusis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Otosclerosis is a condition involving abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, causing conductive hearing loss, but it does not cause phantom sound perception.
B. Conductive hearing loss results from problems transmitting sound waves through the outer or middle ear, but does not explain hearing sound when none is present.
C. Tinnitus is the correct answer—it is the perception of sound (e.g., ringing, buzzing, hissing) in the absence of an external source. It can be constant or intermittent and may occur in one or both ears or inside the head.
D. Presbycusis is age-related sensorineural hearing loss, typically affecting high-frequency sounds, but it is not defined by phantom sound perception.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A perforated eardrum typically causes sudden hearing loss, pain, or drainage from the ear, and usually affects one ear—not both.
B. Otosclerosis is a hereditary condition involving abnormal bone growth in the middle ear that leads to conductive hearing loss, usually starting in one ear and affecting younger adults.
C. Tinnitus is characterized by ringing or buzzing in the ears, not by gradual, bilateral hearing loss or difficulty hearing in noisy environments.
D. Presbycusis is age-related sensorineural hearing loss that occurs gradually in both ears. It commonly involves difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds and distinguishing speech in noisy environments—exactly as described by the client.

A. Administering a mild sedative hypnotic at bedtime B. Limiting fluid intake for the resident C. Educating the resident on the association between dementia and insomnia D. Passive music therapy at bedtime

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Sedative-hypnotics are generally not recommended for older adults with dementiadue to risks of increased confusion, falls, and adverse drug effects.
B. While limiting fluids at night can help reduce nocturia, it does not address the core issues of agitation and sleep disruptionrelated to dementia.
C. Individuals with dementia often have limited capacity to understand or retain education, making this intervention ineffective for managing sleep issues.
D. Passive music therapyis a non-pharmacologic, calming interventionshown to improve sleep and reduce agitation in individuals with dementia, making it the most effective and safest option in this context.

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The perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present is:

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse in a long-term care facility notes that an older resident with dementia awakens frequently at night and is restless and agitated. Which of the following interventions most effective to help manage this resident's sleep problems?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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