The PMHNP works on an inpatient geriatric psychiatric unit. She knows that which of the following features is commonly present in Lewy body dementia?
A steadily progressive, gradual decline in reasoning and increased incidence of sleepwalking
Motor abnormalities with a low incidence of depression and psychosis
Recurrent visual hallucinations; affected patients adversely react to antipsychotics
A slowly progressive and fatal disorder that manifests with depression, psychosis, personality changes, and dementia
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: This choice is incorrect because Lewy body dementia does involve cognitive decline, but sleepwalking is not a characteristic feature. The hallmark symptoms include fluctuating cognition, visual hallucinations, and parkinsonism.
Choice B reason: This choice is incorrect because Lewy body dementia is associated with both motor abnormalities and a higher risk of psychiatric symptoms, including depression and hallucinations, not a low incidence of these.
Choice C reason: This choice is correct because recurrent visual hallucinations and sensitivity to antipsychotic medications are hallmark features of Lewy body dementia. Patients often have parkinsonian motor symptoms and can deteriorate rapidly when exposed to antipsychotics.
Choice D reason: This choice is partially correct in describing some aspects of dementia but is more representative of Alzheimer’s disease or other neurodegenerative disorders. It does not capture the specific hallmark features of Lewy body dementia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This choice is correct because the facial nerve (CN VII) controls the muscles of facial expression, including eyebrow elevation, eye closure, smiling, frowning, and cheek puffing. Assessing these movements evaluates CN VII function.
Choice B reason: The trigeminal nerve (CN V) primarily mediates facial sensation and mastication muscles, not facial expressions.
Choice C reason: The oculomotor nerve (CN III) controls most extraocular eye movements and eyelid elevation, not the full range of facial expressions tested.
Choice D reason: The abducens nerve (CN VI) controls lateral eye movement only and is not involved in facial expressions.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: A transverse fracture is a horizontal break across the bone, not diagonal. A diagonal break is an oblique fracture.
Choice B reason: A greenstick fracture occurs when the bone bends and cracks on one side without breaking completely, consistent with the definition provided.
Choice C reason: Comminuted fractures involve the bone being crushed into multiple fragments, accurately described.
Choice D reason: Segmental fractures involve the same bone being broken in two or more distinct places, leaving a floating segment between breaks, consistent with the description.
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