The practical nurse (PN) is reviewing a client's recent ophthalmic screening test results. Findings of optic neuropathy, loss of peripheral vision, and increased intraocular pressure are consistent with which medical condition?

Glaucoma

Macular edema.

Cataract

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and cause vision loss. It is often associated with increased intraocular pressure, which can compress the nerve fibers and reduce blood ﬂow to the retina. The most common type of glaucoma, open-angle glaucoma, causes gradual loss of peripheral vision.

The other options are not correct because:

Macular edema is a condition that causes swelling and ﬂuid accumulation in the macula, the central part of the retina that is responsible for sharp and detailed vision. It can cause blurred or distorted vision, but it does not aﬀect the optic nerve or the peripheral vision.
Cataract is a condition that causes clouding of the lens, which is the transparent structure that focuses light onto the retina. It can cause blurred, dim, or yellowed vision, but it does not aﬀect the optic nerve or the intraocular pressure.
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that damages the blood vessels in the retina and causes bleeding, leakage, or scarring. It can cause blurred, ﬂuctuating, or darkened vision, but it does not aﬀect the optic nerve or the intraocular pressure.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Ask the client to describe what happened.

Calling the agency-based client advocate (Choice A) should not be the first action taken in this situation. While involving an advocate might be necessary at some point, it is more appropriate to address the client's concerns and gather information about the incident first.

Completing a client adverse incident report (Choice C) is an important step to document theevent and any potential issues, but it should not be the first action taken. Before completing the report, the nurse needs to understand the situation from the client's perspective.

Informing the charge nurse of the situation (Choice D) is a reasonable step, but it should not be the first action. It may be necessary to escalate the issue, but understanding the situation from the client's viewpoint should be prioritized.

A. Elevated energy level. B. High self-esteem. C. Euphoria. D. Powerful craving for more.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is Choice d. Powerful craving for more.

Rationale:

Cocaine withdrawal symptoms are primarily psychological and emotional, rather than physical. While some physical symptoms may occur, such as fatigue and muscle aches, the most prominent and concerning aspects of withdrawal are intense cravings for the drug.

Here's a breakdown of the other choices and why they are not as likely:

Choice a. Elevated energy level:Cocaine is a stimulant,so during withdrawal,a person is more likely to experiencedecreased energy and fatigue.
Choice b. High self-esteem:Cocaine use can initially boost self-esteem,but withdrawal often leads to feelings ofdepression, anxiety, and worthlessness.
Choice c. Euphoria:Euphoria is one of the main effects of cocaine use,but during withdrawal,the opposite occurs,with individuals experiencingdysphoria, a state of intense negative emotions.

Therefore, the intense craving for more cocaine is the most characteristic behavioral symptom exhibited during cocaine withdrawal. This craving is driven by the brain's adaptation to the drug's presence and the disruption of dopamine and other neurotransmitter systems caused by withdrawal.

Additional Notes:

The intensity of cocaine withdrawal symptoms can vary depending on several factors,including the severity and duration of cocaine use,individual differences in brain chemistry and genetics,and the presence of co-occurring mental health conditions.
Seeking professional help for cocaine withdrawal is crucial to manage cravings and other symptoms effectively and increase the chances of successful recovery.

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The practical nurse (PN) is reviewing a client's recent ophthalmic screening test results. Findings of optic neuropathy, loss of peripheral vision, and increased intraocular pressure are consistent with which medical condition?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Explanation

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