The practical nurse (PN) stops at a motor vehicle collision site to render aid until the emergency personnel arrive, and applies pressure to a groin wound that is bleeding profusely. Which act protects the PN from liability as long as the care provided is performed in a reasonable and prudent manner?

A. An office manager whose mother has laryngeal cancer: Family history can increase risk slightly, but environmental and lifestyle factors, particularly smoking and heavy alcohol use, are stronger contributors to laryngeal cancer.

B. A farmer who smokes a half pack of cigarettes daily: Smoking increases risk, but the level of exposure is relatively low compared with heavy, long-term use combined with alcohol consumption.

C. An older male who drinks a six-pack of beer nightly and smokes heavily: Chronic heavy alcohol use combined with long-term heavy smoking significantly increases the risk of laryngeal cancer. This client exhibits multiple high-risk behaviors and should be prioritized for referral.

D. An opera singer who does not smoke but drinks a glass of wine each day: Moderate alcohol consumption without smoking or other risk factors represents a lower risk for laryngeal cancer compared with heavy alcohol use and smoking.

A. Observe suture line for separation and hematoma formation: The first priority is assessing the episiotomy site for complications such as suture separation, bleeding, or hematoma, which could indicate a need for urgent intervention. Early identification of these issues is essential to prevent infection or further tissue damage.

B. Apply an ice pack for 20 minutes to the episiotomy: Ice can help reduce pain and swelling, but it should be applied after assessing the site. Applying ice before evaluation may mask signs of complications or delay recognition of serious issues.

C. Initiate daily warm sitz baths during onset of pain: Sitz baths are effective for pain relief and promoting healing but are a supportive intervention. They are implemented after the PN ensures there are no acute complications requiring immediate attention.

D. Check medication administration record for last PRN analgesic: Reviewing the last dose of analgesic is important for managing pain, but it is secondary to assessing the site for complications. Pain may be a symptom of a serious problem that needs prompt evaluation.