Phagocyte mobilization involves
diapedesis, during which cells line up against the capillary wall
mainly neutrophil and macrophage migration into inflamed areas
monocytes as the most active phagocyte
margination, which is the process of white cell movement through the walls of capillaries into injured tissues
The Correct Answer is B
A. Diapedesis, during which cells line up against the capillary wall: Diapedesis refers to the movement of leukocytes through the capillary wall into tissues, not the lining up of cells. The lining-up process along the capillary wall is called margination.
B. Mainly neutrophil and macrophage migration into inflamed areas: Phagocyte mobilization involves the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages to sites of infection or tissue damage. These cells migrate from the bloodstream into inflamed tissue to engulf pathogens and debris, forming a critical part of the innate immune response.
C. Monocytes as the most active phagocyte: While monocytes differentiate into macrophages in tissues, neutrophils are typically the first and most active phagocytes during the early stages of inflammation. Monocytes/macrophages arrive later and assist in cleanup and repair.
D. Margination, which is the process of white cell movement through the walls of capillaries into injured tissues: Margination is the process by which leukocytes adhere to the capillary walls, preparing for diapedesis. It does not describe the actual migration of cells through the capillary walls into tissues.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The flu has several strains that change seasonally:Influenza viruses undergo frequent mutations, leading to new strains each season. Because memory cells from previous vaccinations may not recognize these new strains, annual vaccination is required to provide effective immunity against the current circulating strains.
B. Exposure to flu vaccine produces no memory cells from proliferating B-lymphocytes:The flu vaccine does stimulate memory B cells, but its effectiveness can be reduced due to antigenic variation in the virus. The need for seasonal vaccination is not because memory cells fail to form, but because the virus changes frequently.
C. The polio virus is substantially weaker than the flu virus:The strength or virulence of the virus is not the reason for the difference in vaccination schedules. Polio vaccines induce long-lasting immunity because the virus does not mutate rapidly like influenza.
D. The flu vaccine is substantially weaker than the polio vaccine:Vaccine potency does not explain the need for annual flu shots. The primary reason is the frequent mutation of influenza viruses, not the inherent strength or weakness of the vaccine itself.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Cisterna chyli:The cisterna chyli is a sac-like structure in the abdomen that collects lymph from the lower limbs and digestive organs. It does not receive lymph from the upper limbs, so it is not involved in draining the left arm.
B. Thoracic duct:The thoracic duct is the main lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, and entire left upper and lower limbs. Lymph from the left arm enters the venous circulation via the thoracic duct at the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins.
C. Axillary nodes:Axillary lymph nodes filter lymph from the upper limbs and shoulder region. While lymph passes through these nodes, they are not the final structure that drains lymph into the venous circulation.
D. Right lymphatic duct:The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right side of the head, neck, thorax, and right upper limb. It does not receive lymph from the left arm, making it irrelevant in this pathway.
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