The primary influence on establishing resting membrane potential is
chloride ions
calcium ions
potassium ions
sodium ions
The Correct Answer is C
A. Chloride ions: Chloride ions help stabilize the membrane potential by balancing charges, but they move passively along gradients set by other ions. Since chloride permeability is not the dominant factor at rest, they do not primarily determine the resting membrane potential.
B. Calcium ions: Calcium concentration is kept very low inside cells compared to outside. Its main role is in processes like muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release, rather than in establishing the electrical gradient at rest, so it contributes little to resting potential.
C. Potassium ions: Potassium ions are the major determinant of resting membrane potential because the membrane is most permeable to potassium at rest. Efflux of potassium through leak channels leaves the inside more negative, making it the primary driver of resting potential.
D. Sodium ions: Sodium ions are more concentrated outside the cell and tend to diffuse inward, but the membrane has low sodium permeability at rest. Although sodium influx is important during depolarization, it is not the chief factor in establishing resting membrane potential.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Proteins: Proteins serve as the primary structural components of cells and tissues. They form muscles, connective tissue, enzymes, and cell membranes, providing strength, support, and functional versatility throughout the body.
B. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates primarily provide energy and serve as short-term fuel and structural components like glycogen, but they are not the main structural material of the body.
C. Lipids: Lipids function as energy storage, insulation, and components of cell membranes, but they do not provide the bulk structural framework of tissues.
D. Nucleic acids: Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA store and transmit genetic information but do not serve as the primary structural material for the body.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Kinetic: Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as moving muscles or flowing blood, and is not stored energy.
B. Effective: “Effective energy” is not a standard classification in physics or biology; it does not specifically describe stored energy.
C. Energy: Energy is a general term and does not differentiate between stored and active forms.
D. Potential: Potential energy is stored energy that has the capacity to do work in the future, such as chemical energy in bonds, a stretched spring, or gravitational energy in elevated objects.
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