The proteoglycan aggregate (the "toilet brush"), which is an integral component of the ground substance, is composed of:
hyaluronic acid + proteoglycan monomers
reticular fibers + collagen fibers
chondroblasts and chondroclasts
collagen fibers + fibroblasts
The Correct Answer is A
A. hyaluronic acid + proteoglycan monomers: Hyaluronic acid forms the central stalk (handle of the "toilet brush"), and proteoglycan monomers attach along its length, forming a large aggregate that traps water and gives ground substance its gel-like consistency.
B. reticular fibers + collagen fibers: These are structural protein fibers in connective tissue but are not components of proteoglycan aggregates.
C. chondroblasts and chondroclasts: These are cartilage cells involved in formation (chondroblasts) and resorption (chondroclasts) but not part of the ground substance's molecular structure.
D. collagen fibers + fibroblasts: Collagen fibers are structural; fibroblasts produce extracellular matrix components, but neither directly forms the proteoglycan aggregate.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. apocrine: Apocrine glands release part of their cytoplasm with the secretion, which can include membrane-bound substances like phospholipids.
B. merocrine: Merocrine glands secrete products via exocytosis without releasing any cytoplasm or membrane material. Their secretions do not contain phospholipids.
C. sebaceous: Sebaceous glands are holocrine glands that release the entire cell contents, including membrane lipids such as phospholipids.
D. holocrine: These glands release whole cells that disintegrate, leading to secretions rich in lipids, including phospholipids.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. actin fibers: Actin is a cytoskeletal protein found within cells, not in the extracellular matrix. It supports cell shape and movement but is not part of the matrix fiber system.
B. collagen fibers: These are strong protein fibers found in the extracellular matrix and provide tensile strength.
C. reticular fibers: These are thin, branching fibers composed of collagen and form supportive networks in soft tissues like the spleen and lymph nodes.
D. elastic fibers: Composed of elastin, these fibers provide elasticity to tissues such as skin and blood vessels.
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