The proteoglycan aggregate (the "toilet brush"), which is an integral component of the ground substance, is composed of:
hyaluronic acid + proteoglycan monomers
reticular fibers + collagen fibers
chondroblasts and chondroclasts
collagen fibers + fibroblasts
The Correct Answer is A
A. hyaluronic acid + proteoglycan monomers: Hyaluronic acid forms the central stalk (handle of the "toilet brush"), and proteoglycan monomers attach along its length, forming a large aggregate that traps water and gives ground substance its gel-like consistency.
B. reticular fibers + collagen fibers: These are structural protein fibers in connective tissue but are not components of proteoglycan aggregates.
C. chondroblasts and chondroclasts: These are cartilage cells involved in formation (chondroblasts) and resorption (chondroclasts) but not part of the ground substance's molecular structure.
D. collagen fibers + fibroblasts: Collagen fibers are structural; fibroblasts produce extracellular matrix components, but neither directly forms the proteoglycan aggregate.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. mesenchyme
Mesenchyme is a type of embryonic connective tissue from which all adult connective tissues develop. It has a fluid matrix and undifferentiated cells.
B. osteochondral
This is nota recognized fetal stem tissue type. It refers more to regions with both bone and cartilage precursors, but it's not a stem connective tissue.
C. mucous
Mucous connective tissue, found in the umbilical cord (Wharton's jelly), is another type of fetal stem connective tissue.
D. A & B
Mesenchyme is correct, but osteochondral is not a true fetal stem connective tissue.
E. A & C
Both mesenchyme and mucous connective tissue are fetal connective tissues with stem-like properties.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. hemidesmosomes: These anchor epithelial cells to the basement membrane, not for communication.
B. desmosomes: Desmosomes are responsible for mechanical adhesion between cells, providing strength but not facilitating communication.
C. gap junctions: These allow ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another, enabling rapid cell-to-cell communication, especially in cardiac and smooth muscle.
D. tight junctions: These seal adjacent cells together to prevent leakage of substances between them, rather than enabling communication.
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