Which of the following is NOT a component of the extracellular matrix?
ground substance
cytoplasmic inclusions
fluid
protein fibers
The Correct Answer is B
A. ground substance
This is a major component of the ECM, consisting of water, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins that fill the space between fibers and cells.
B. cytoplasmic inclusions
These are structures found inside the cell (e.g., glycogen granules, lipid droplets), not in the extracellular matrix.
C. fluid
Interstitial fluid (extracellular fluid) is part of the ECM and facilitates nutrient and waste exchange.
D. protein fibers
Collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers are key components of the ECM that provide strength, flexibility, and support.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. terminal; vellus
Terminal hairs are thick and pigmented. During puberty, hairs typically change from vellus to terminal, not the reverse.
B. lanugo; vellus
Lanugo is the fine hair present on fetuses, not typical of pre-pubertal facial hair.
C. vellus; lanugo
This is also in Lanugo is not a stage in puberty; it is lost after birth.
D. lanugo; terminal
While terminal hair is correct, lanugo is irrelevant in this pubertal context.
E. vellus; terminal
During puberty, vellus hair (fine and lightly pigmented) on the face is replaced by terminal hair (thicker, darker, and coarser) under the influence of androgens.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. white blood cells and nutrients to get to site of injury quicker; redness: Vasodilation increases blood flow, bringing immune cells and nutrients quickly to the site. Increased blood flow also causes redness (rubor), a classic sign of inflammation.
B. white blood cells to leave blood vessels at site of injury; redness: While WBCs do exit blood vessels during inflammation (diapedesis), redness is more directly caused by increased blood flow, not by WBC migration.
C. white blood cells and nutrients to get to site of injury quicker; swelling: Vasodilation leads to increased blood flow (causing redness), while swelling (tumor) is more due to increased vascular permeability and fluid leakage.
D. white blood cells to leave blood vessels at site of injury; edema: This describes part of the inflammatory process correctly (WBC extravasation and edema), but vasodilation itself mainly leads to increased blood flow and redness, not edema.
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