The term used to describe the presence of gallstones is:
cholecystitis.
diverticulitis.
diverticulosis.
cholelithiasis.
The Correct Answer is D
A. cholecystitis. : This medical term specifically denotes the acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder wall. While often caused by gallstones, it refers to the inflammatory response rather than the stones themselves. It describes a clinical state of infection or irritation.
B. diverticulitis. : This refers to the inflammation or infection of small pouches known as diverticula in the digestive tract. It is typically a colonic pathology unrelated to the biliary system. It does not involve the formation of calculi within the gallbladder.
C. diverticulosis. : This condition describes the presence of multiple outpouchings in the muscular layer of the gastrointestinal wall. It is an asymptomatic structural change usually found in the sigmoid colon. It does not refer to biliary calculi or gallbladder disease.
D. cholelithiasis. : This term is derived from Greek roots meaning gallbladder and stone formation. It specifically identifies the presence of solid concretions within the gallbladder lumen. This is the precise scientific designation for the condition of having gallstones.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Ulcerative colitis: This inflammatory disease causes diffuse friability and ulceration of the colonic mucosa, leading to significant hematochezia and mucus discharge. The frequency of stools correlates with the severity of distal rectal and colonic involvement. It is the classic presentation for bloody diarrhea.
B. Diverticulosis: This condition is typically asymptomatic and involves the presence of non-inflamed pouches in the colonic wall. While it can cause painless hematochezia if a vessel erodes, it does not typically cause frequent mucoid diarrhea. It is a structural rather than inflammatory state.
C. Crohn's disease: Although this can cause diarrhea, the stools are often non-bloody unless the colon is specifically involved in a pattern called Crohn's colitis. It more frequently presents with abdominal pain, weight loss, and perianal fistulae. The blood and mucus are less consistent.
D. Irritable bowel disease: This is a general umbrella term for inflammatory conditions but the symptoms described are most specific to the ulcerative subtype. As a general category, it is less precise than identifying the specific clinical manifestation of colitis. It encompasses various distinct pathological entities.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Casual contact: This virus is not transmitted through hugging, kissing, or sharing utensils with an infected individual. It requires direct contact with specific bodily fluids to penetrate the host. Environmental stability does not facilitate transmission through social interaction.
B. Exposure to infected blood: This hepadnavirus is primarily transmitted through percutaneous or mucosal exposure to viremic blood or serum. It is common in intravenous drug use, needle-stick injuries, and blood transfusions. It remains a major occupational hazard for healthcare workers.
C. Respiratory droplets: This mode of transmission is characteristic of pulmonary pathogens like influenza or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hepatitis B does not replicate in the respiratory epithelium or aerosolize during coughing. It is not an airborne or droplet-borne infection.
D. Contaminated food or water: This describes the fecal-oral route of transmission typical of Hepatitis A and E viruses. Hepatitis B is not an enteric virus and is inactivated by the acidic environment of the stomach. It is not associated with sanitation.
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