Upon auscultation at the apex, the APRN hears a grade 3 systolic heart murmur that is soft and blowing in character. What does this finding suggest?
Aortic stenosis (AS)
Mitral valve regurgitation (MVR)
Tricuspid stenosis (TS)
Austin-Flint murmur
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Aortic stenosis typically presents with a systolic ejection murmur heard best at the right upper sternal border with radiation to the neck. It is often harsh rather than soft and blowing.
Choice B reason: Mitral valve regurgitation produces a holosystolic, soft, blowing murmur best heard at the apex and radiating to the axilla. A grade 3 murmur is moderately loud without a thrill, consistent with this description.
Choice C reason: Tricuspid stenosis produces a diastolic murmur, often heard at the lower left sternal border, sometimes increasing with inspiration. The murmur in this case is systolic and located at the apex, making TS unlikely.
Choice D reason: Austin-Flint murmur is a diastolic murmur associated with severe aortic regurgitation and is heard at the apex. The murmur described here is systolic, not diastolic, and therefore does not fit this diagnosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Aspirin would not address the underlying cause of facial nerve inflammation and offers only analgesic benefit.
Choice B reason: Antibiotics are indicated if bacterial infection is present, but this presentation is consistent with Bell’s palsy, which is idiopathic or viral in origin.
Choice C reason: Surgery is reserved for cases involving trauma or tumor-related nerve compression, not idiopathic facial paralysis.
Choice D reason: Corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for Bell’s palsy, which is an acute, unilateral facial nerve paralysis due to inflammation and edema of the facial nerve. Steroids reduce nerve swelling and improve recovery of function if initiated within 72 hours of symptom onset.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is correct because weight-bearing and resistance exercises are crucial for maintaining bone density and reducing fracture risk. Avoiding them would accelerate bone loss rather than prevent fractures.
Choice B reason: Yoga improves balance, flexibility, and coordination, which can help reduce fall risk and indirectly prevent fractures. This demonstrates correct understanding.
Choice C reason: Smoking and excessive alcohol use are known risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures. Stopping these behaviors is appropriate preventive action.
Choice D reason: Calcium supplementation supports bone mineralization and strength, which is an essential part of osteoporosis management along with vitamin D and lifestyle measures.
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