Vasoconstriction causes:.

The correct answer is Choice D.

Choice A rationale:

Vasoconstriction refers to the narrowing of blood vessels. When blood vessels constrict, they reduce the volume of blood that can flow through them, which increases the pressure. However, the flow is decreased, not increased.

Choice B rationale:

As explained above, vasoconstriction increases pressure but decreases flow.

Choice C rationale:

While vasoconstriction does increase pressure, it does not increase flow. Instead, it decreases flow.

Choice D rationale:

Vasoconstriction results in increased pressure and decreased flow. This happens because the narrowing of the blood vessels increases the resistance to blood flow, thereby increasing the pressure. At the same time, the reduced diameter of the blood vessels decreases the amount of blood that can flow through them.

Choice A rationale:

Inhaled food or foreign objects are most likely to lodge in the right bronchus because it is wider and more vertical than the left.

Choice B rationale:

While it is possible for objects to lodge in the left bronchus, it is less common due to its narrower and less vertical structure.

Choice C rationale:

Bronchioles are smaller structures within the respiratory system where foreign objects are less likely to lodge.

Choice D rationale:

The pharynx is not the most common location for inhaled food or foreign objects to lodge.