What age-related risk factor predisposes an older adult to dehydration?
Forgetting to drink enough fluids
Increased surface area to volume ratio
Increased subcutaneous fat
Loss of the sweat mechanism
The Correct Answer is A
A. Forgetting to drink enough fluids: Older adults often have a diminished sense of thirst and may forget to drink adequate fluids, placing them at higher risk for dehydration. Cognitive changes, medications, or functional limitations can further reduce fluid intake, making dehydration a common age-related concern.
B. Increased surface area to volume ratio: Aging typically results in a decreased surface area to volume ratio due to loss of lean body mass and changes in body composition. This does not directly predispose to dehydration; in fact, it can reduce insensible fluid loss slightly.
C. Increased subcutaneous fat: Aging is often associated with redistribution of body fat, but increased subcutaneous fat does not significantly influence hydration status. Fat tissue contains less water than lean tissue, but its presence alone is not a primary risk factor for dehydration.
D. Loss of the sweat mechanism: While sweat production may decrease with age, this generally reduces fluid loss rather than increasing dehydration risk. Impaired thermoregulation may pose other risks, but inadequate fluid intake is a more direct age-related contributor to dehydration.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Phantom pain:Phantom pain is perceived in a body part that has been amputated or is no longer physically present. It originates from neural changes rather than actual tissue injury in skin, muscle, or joints.
B. Visceral pain:Visceral pain arises from internal organs, such as the stomach, intestines, or liver. It is often poorly localized, described as deep, pressure-like, or cramping, and is not associated with musculoskeletal structures.
C. Ischemic pain:Ischemic pain results from reduced blood flow to tissues, such as during myocardial infarction or peripheral artery disease. It can affect muscles or organs but is specifically related to oxygen deprivation, not general somatic tissue pain.
D. Somatic pain:Somatic pain originates from the skin, muscles, bones, and joints. It is usually well localized and described as sharp, aching, or throbbing, reflecting direct activation of nociceptors in musculoskeletal or cutaneous tissues.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. To protect the body from injury:Clotting, or hemostasis, is the process by which the body stops bleeding after vascular injury. It involves platelet aggregation, activation of clotting factors, and formation of a fibrin mesh that seals the damaged vessel. This mechanism prevents excessive blood loss, preserves circulatory integrity, and allows tissue repair to occur.
B. To prevent febrile seizures:Febrile seizures are caused by rapid increases in body temperature in young children and are unrelated to the clotting process. Clotting does not influence neurological activity or seizure prevention.
C. To remove damaged cells:The removal of damaged or apoptotic cells is primarily managed by the immune system and phagocytic activity, not by clotting. Hemostasis focuses on sealing injured blood vessels rather than clearing cellular debris.
D. To dissolve scar tissue formation:Clotting contributes to the initial formation of a fibrin matrix that aids healing, but dissolving scar tissue involves tissue remodeling mediated by fibroblasts and enzymes like collagenases. Clotting itself does not dissolve existing scar tissue.
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