Which will typically start the clotting process?
Fibrinolysis
Decreased vitamin K
Hypocoagulation
Blood vessel damage
The Correct Answer is D
A. Fibrinolysis: Fibrinolysis is the process of breaking down a clot after it has formed. It does not initiate clotting but instead regulates clot size and prevents excessive thrombus formation once hemostasis is achieved.
B. Decreased vitamin K: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of several clotting factors. A deficiency impairs clot formation rather than initiating it. Low vitamin K levels contribute to hypocoagulability, not the start of the clotting cascade.
C. Hypocoagulation: Hypocoagulation refers to a decreased ability of blood to clot, which can result from clotting factor deficiencies, liver disease, or anticoagulant therapy. It represents a state of impaired clotting rather than the initiation of clot formation.
D. Blood vessel damage: Damage to the endothelium of blood vessels exposes underlying collagen and tissue factor, which triggers platelet aggregation and the coagulation cascade. This vascular injury is the primary event that starts hemostasis, leading to clot formation to prevent blood loss.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The heart stops working to pump blood to the body:Cardiac arrest may occur as a complication of a myocardial infarction, but it does not precede the event. Before an MI, the heart continues to pump, although its tissue may be ischemic.
B. The blood is too thin:Thin blood, or decreased viscosity, is not a typical precursor to myocardial infarction. MI is primarily caused by blockage of coronary arteries, not changes in blood thickness.
C. The hemoglobin count is low:Low hemoglobin can reduce oxygen delivery to tissues but is not the direct cause of a myocardial infarction. An MI results from sudden obstruction of blood flow rather than anemia.
D. The blood supply to the heart is suddenly cut off:A myocardial infarction occurs when a coronary artery becomes blocked, often due to plaque rupture and thrombosis, resulting in sudden cessation of oxygen-rich blood to a portion of the heart muscle. This ischemia triggers myocardial cell injury and death, which defines the infarction.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Peripheral neuropathy:Peripheral neuropathy is primarily associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes or vitamin deficiencies. It is not a direct complication of myocardial infarction, as it involves nerve damage rather than cardiac tissue injury.
B. Infective endocarditis:Infective endocarditis is caused by bacterial or fungal infection of the heart valves. It is unrelated to myocardial infarction unless secondary procedures or valve damage occur, making it an uncommon post-MI complication.
C. Rheumatic heart disease:Rheumatic heart disease results from an autoimmune response to untreated streptococcal infections, leading to valvular damage. It develops over years and is not a complication of an acute myocardial infarction.
D. Congestive heart failure:Myocardial infarction can damage cardiac muscle, reducing contractility and cardiac output. This impaired pumping ability increases ventricular pressures and leads to fluid accumulation, causing congestive heart failure. Heart failure is a common and significant post-MI complication.
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