What does pasteurization do to milk?
It kills all microbes and endospores
It inactivates viruses
It kills pathogenic microbes
It sterilizes the milk
The Correct Answer is C
A. It kills all microbes and endospores: Pasteurization does not eliminate all microbes or endospores; it reduces microbial load but is not a sterilization process.
B. It inactivates viruses: Pasteurization can reduce many viral pathogens present in milk, but the main purpose is to reduce bacterial pathogens and spoilage organisms.
C. It kills pathogenic microbes: Pasteurization is designed to inactivate or greatly reduce disease-causing bacteria (for example, Salmonella, Listeria, Mycobacterium) and extend shelf life.
D. It sterilizes the milk: Sterilization would remove all living organisms including endospores; standard pasteurization does not achieve sterilization.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Parasitic: A parasitic relationship benefits the microbe at the host’s expense and typically causes harm; producing vitamin K for the host does not fit the parasitic definition.
B. Saprobic: Saprobic organisms obtain nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter (decomposers); intestinal E. coli living on host-derived substrates and contributing vitamins are not acting as saprobes.
C. Antagonistic: Antagonistic interactions involve one organism inhibiting another (competition or antimicrobial production); the described vitamin-producing relationship does not reflect antagonism.
D. Mutualistic: Mutualism describes a relationship where both partners benefit — E. coli gains a habitat and nutrients while the host gains vitamin K — which fits this scenario.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. Use of microorganisms to produce useful products: This describes biotechnology in general but not specifically recombinant DNA technology.
B. Selective breeding of organisms to create new combinations of traits: Selective breeding involves natural mating, not direct genetic modification.
C. Study of replication and recombination in microbes: This is part of microbial genetics, not recombinant DNA technology.
D. Study of genetic expression in microbes: This focuses on gene regulation, not the deliberate manipulation of DNA.
E. Deliberate modification of the genome of an organism for practical purposes: This defines recombinant DNA technology, which involves inserting, deleting, or altering genes to achieve specific outcomes.
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