What does pasteurization do to milk?
It kills all microbes and endospores
It inactivates viruses
It kills pathogenic microbes
It sterilizes the milk
The Correct Answer is C
A. It kills all microbes and endospores: Pasteurization does not eliminate all microbes or endospores; it reduces microbial load but is not a sterilization process.
B. It inactivates viruses: Pasteurization can reduce many viral pathogens present in milk, but the main purpose is to reduce bacterial pathogens and spoilage organisms.
C. It kills pathogenic microbes: Pasteurization is designed to inactivate or greatly reduce disease-causing bacteria (for example, Salmonella, Listeria, Mycobacterium) and extend shelf life.
D. It sterilizes the milk: Sterilization would remove all living organisms including endospores; standard pasteurization does not achieve sterilization.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Koch: Koch’s postulates are criteria for linking a microorganism to a disease and are unrelated to chemical carcinogenicity testing.
B. Ames: The Ames test uses bacteria to detect mutagenic potential of chemicals; because mutagens often correlate with carcinogens, the Ames test is widely used as a screen for carcinogenic potential.
C. Mutation: Mutation is a general term for DNA changes; while mutation assays detect genetic changes, the named specific screening test commonly used for carcinogenic potential is the Ames test.
D. Cancer: “Cancer test” is not a standard name for an assay used to screen chemicals for carcinogenic potential.
E. Iowa: Iowa is a proper noun (a U.S. state) and is not the name of a chemical carcinogenicity assay.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Are synthesized only when their substrate is available: Inducible enzymes are produced in response to the presence of a substrate or inducer (e.g., the lac operon enzymes are synthesized when lactose is present), conserving cellular resources until needed.
B. Are synthesized continuously by the cell: Constitutive enzymes are synthesized continuously regardless of substrate presence; this statement describes constitutive rather than inducible enzymes.
C. Are only found in prokaryotes: Inducible regulation of enzyme synthesis occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes; it is not exclusive to prokaryotes.
D. Are coded by genes that are always expressed: Genes that are always expressed encode constitutive enzymes; inducible enzyme genes are typically regulated and expressed only under inducing conditions.
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