What effect do opioids have on the body?
Increased blood pressure
Decreased temperature
Increased heart rate
Decreased respirations
The Correct Answer is D
A. Increased blood pressure: Opioids typically cause peripheral vasodilation and central nervous system depression, which may lower blood pressure rather than increase it. Hypertension is not a common physiologic response to opioid administration.
B. Decreased temperature: Opioids do not significantly lower body temperature under normal therapeutic use. They primarily affect central nervous system pathways for pain and sedation, with temperature changes being minimal or indirect.
C. Increased heart rate: Opioids often lead to bradycardia or a slight decrease in heart rate due to vagal stimulation. Tachycardia is uncommon and usually occurs only in response to pain, anxiety, or hypovolemia rather than the opioid effect itself.
D. Decreased respirations: Opioids depress the respiratory center in the medulla, reducing the rate and depth of respirations. This respiratory depression is dose-dependent and is the primary life-threatening adverse effect, necessitating careful monitoring, especially with intravenous administration.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Afterload:Afterload is the resistance the left ventricle must overcome to eject blood during systole. It is influenced by systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure, not the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole.
B. Stroke volume:Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by a ventricle with each contraction. While stroke volume depends in part on end-diastolic volume, it measures output per beat rather than the volume present before contraction.
C. Cardiac reserve:Cardiac reserve is the difference between resting cardiac output and the maximum output achievable during increased demand. It reflects functional capacity, not the baseline ventricular volume at end-diastole.
D. Preload:Preload refers to the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole, immediately before contraction. It stretches the ventricular myocardium, influencing the force of contraction according to the Frank-Starling law and directly affecting cardiac output.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Respiratory acidosis:Respiratory acidosis occurs when hypoventilation causes CO2 retention, leading to a decreased pH (acidemia) and elevated PaCO2. In this scenario, the pH is elevated, and PaCO2 is low, which does not align with respiratory acidosis.
B. Metabolic alkalosis:Metabolic alkalosis involves an elevated pH and increased HCO3-. In this case, HCO3- is within normal limits (24 mEq/L), so the primary disturbance is not metabolic.
C. Respiratory alkalosis:Respiratory alkalosis results from hyperventilation, causing excessive CO2 elimination. This decreases PaCO2 (30 mmHg), elevates pH (7.50), and shows normal HCO3-, indicating a primary respiratory origin with no metabolic compensation.
D. Metabolic acidosis:Metabolic acidosis presents with a decreased pH and low HCO3-, often with a compensatory decrease in PaCO2. The elevated pH and normal HCO3- in this case do not support metabolic acidosis.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.