What is a potential consequence of elevated sodium levels in the blood?
Edema, high blood pressure, and risk of stroke
Increased formation of calcium-phosphate crystals
Enhanced cardiac muscle strength and reduced blood volume
Reduced nerve conduction and skeletal muscle failure
The Correct Answer is A
A. Edema, high blood pressure, and risk of stroke: Hypernatremia increases plasma osmolarity, drawing water from the intracellular space into the vascular compartment. This expansion of extracellular fluid volume leads to systemic hypertension and peripheral edema. Prolonged high pressure significantly elevates the risk of cerebrovascular accidents.
B. Increased formation of calcium-phosphate crystals: This pathology is typically associated with hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, or hyperuricosuria rather than isolated hypernatremia. While sodium intake can influence calcium excretion, sodium crystals themselves do not typically form the basis of renal calculi. Phosphate levels are regulated independently.
C. Enhanced cardiac muscle strength and reduced blood volume: High sodium levels lead to fluid retention and increased blood volume, not reduction. While sodium is essential for action potentials, pathological elevation causes cardiac strain through fluid overload rather than a beneficial increase in contractile strength.
D. Reduced nerve conduction and skeletal muscle failure: These symptoms are more characteristic of electrolyte deficits or hyperkalemia. Hypernatremia typically causes CNS irritability, altered mental status, and potentially seizures due to neuronal dehydration. It does not primarily present as a block in peripheral nerve conduction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. False: The Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) is named for its highly coiled and tortuous path through the renal cortex. This morphology increases the surface area and residence time for the reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients. A straight path would be described as "rectus," not convoluted.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A"}
Explanation
A. Basement membrane: The glomerular basement membrane is the middle layer of the filtration barrier, composed of a collagenous and glycoprotein meshwork. It provides a physical sieve and a negative charge that restricts the passage of proteins. It is the structural core of the barrier.
B. Bowman’s capsule: While the visceral layer of this capsule contains the podocytes, the capsule itself is the surrounding reservoir for the filtrate. It is not considered one of the three histological layers of the actual filtration membrane. It collects the fluid once it has crossed.
C. Renal tubule: The tubules are involved in the modification of the filtrate after it has already passed through the filtration membrane. They are located downstream from the renal corpuscle. They do not contribute to the initial barrier that separates the blood from the filtrate.
D. Collecting duct: These ducts are the terminal segments of the nephron system located in the renal medulla. They are anatomically and functionally distant from the site of filtration in the cortex. They have no role in the glomerular filtration membrane's structure.
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