The thick ascending loop actively reabsorbs sodium and chloride using a
The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"C"}
A. Na+/Ca2+: This exchanger is more common in cardiac myocytes and some distal tubule segments for calcium regulation. It is not the primary mechanism for bulk electrolyte reabsorption in the thick ascending limb. The loop segment requires a more robust transporter for multiple ions.
B. Na+/H+: While this exchanger is highly active in the proximal convoluted tubule for acid-base balance, it is not the defining transporter of the loop. The thick ascending limb specializes in concentrated solute removal to dilute the urine. It utilizes a more complex electroneutral symporter.
C. Na+/K+/2CI-: This specific symporter (NKCC2) transports one sodium, one potassium, and two chloride ions from the lumen into the cell. It is the primary target for loop diuretics like furosemide. This mechanism is essential for creating the hypertonic medullary interstitium.
D. Na+/K+: This refers to the primary active transport pump (ATPase) located on the basolateral membrane of almost all renal cells. While it provides the driving gradient, it is not the cotransporter that moves ions from the lumen. The luminal entry step specifically requires the NKCC2 symporter.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B"}
Explanation
A. Membranous: This short segment of the male urethra pierces the urogenital diaphragm and contains the external urethral sphincter. It is located between the prostatic and penile sections and is not contained within the penis itself. It represents the least distensible portion of the entire urethral canal.
B. Penile (spongy): This is the longest portion of the male urethra, traversing the corpus spongiosum of the penis to the external orifice. It receives secretions from the bulbourethral glands and intraurethral glands along its course. Its anatomical location within the phallus defines this specific nomenclature.
C. Prostatic: This segment passes directly through the substance of the prostate gland at the base of the bladder. It receives the ejaculatory ducts and prostatic secretions, functioning as a common pathway for urine and semen. It is located superior to the pelvic floor, distal to the penis.
D. Bulbar: This is the proximal, dilated portion of the spongy urethra located within the bulb of the penis at the perineum. While it is continuous with the penile urethra, the term specifically refers to the segment within the root of the penis. It is not the descriptive term for the entire penile segment.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. False: Any reduction in the total surface area available for filtration, such as through mesangial cell contraction or glomerular scarring, directly decreases GFR. Conversely, relaxation of mesangial cells increases surface area and GFR. It is a primary variable in renal hemodynamic regulation.
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