What is a potential serious complication of abrupt cessation of beta-blockers like metoprolol?
Rebound hypertension
Sedation
Hypoglycemia
Hyperkalemia
The Correct Answer is A
A. Rebound hypertension: Abruptly stopping beta-blockers can cause a sudden increase in sympathetic activity, leading to elevated blood pressure and heart rate. This rebound effect increases the risk of angina, myocardial infarction, or stroke in susceptible patients. Gradual tapering is necessary to prevent these serious cardiovascular complications.
B. Sedation: Beta-blockers do not typically cause sedation, and abrupt cessation is unlikely to result in drowsiness. Monitoring for sedation is not a priority in this context.
C. Hypoglycemia: Beta-blockers can mask hypoglycemia symptoms but do not usually cause low blood glucose upon withdrawal. Abrupt cessation does not directly induce hypoglycemia.
D. Hyperkalemia: Beta-blockers do not typically alter potassium levels significantly, and sudden discontinuation is unlikely to cause hyperkalemia. Electrolyte disturbances are not a primary concern in this scenario.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Dries mucous membranes: Expectorants do not dry secretions; instead, they work to thin mucus. Drying the mucous membranes would make coughing less effective and could worsen congestion.
B. Stimulates secretions: Expectorants increase the production and hydration of respiratory tract secretions, which thins mucus and makes it easier to expel. This facilitates airway clearance and improves the effectiveness of coughing.
C. Suppresses the urge to cough: Cough suppressants, or antitussives, reduce the cough reflex. Expectorants do not suppress coughing but enhance mucus clearance, so they serve a different therapeutic purpose.
D. Reduces inflammation: Expectorants do not have anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammation in the respiratory tract may persist, but thinning mucus aids in symptom relief by promoting clearance rather than reducing swelling.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hypertensive crisis: Glucocorticoid withdrawal does not trigger hypertensive crisis. Blood pressure changes may occur with long-term steroid use, but abrupt stopping is not associated with dangerous hypertension spikes.
B. Thyroid storm: Thyroid storm is related to uncontrolled hyperthyroidism and is not connected to stopping glucocorticoids. Steroids do not regulate thyroid hormone levels, so this is not a withdrawal risk.
C. Acromegaly: This condition involves excess growth hormone and has no relationship to glucocorticoid therapy. Discontinuing prednisone does not affect growth hormone secretion or lead to acromegaly.
D. Adrenocortical insufficiency: Long-term glucocorticoid use suppresses the adrenal glands, reducing endogenous cortisol production. Abrupt withdrawal can leave the body unable to respond to stress, causing hypotension, fatigue, and potentially life-threatening adrenal crisis. This is why a slow taper is essential.
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