What is the cause of aplastic anemia?
iron deficiency
folate deficiency
Vtiamin B deficiency
bone marrow hypoplasia
The Correct Answer is D
A. Iron deficiency: Iron deficiency anemia results from inadequate iron for hemoglobin synthesis, leading to microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells. Bone marrow function is usually intact and responsive. It does not cause failure of all blood cell lines.
B. Folate deficiency: Folate deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia characterized by impaired DNA synthesis and enlarged red blood cells. The bone marrow is typically hypercellular rather than underactive. It does not result in pancytopenia from marrow failure.
C. Vitamin B deficiency: Vitamin B12 deficiency also causes megaloblastic anemia due to defective DNA synthesis. White blood cells and platelets may be affected secondarily, but the marrow is not hypoplastic. The primary issue is ineffective cell production, not marrow failure.
D. Bone marrow hypoplasia: Aplastic anemia is caused by bone marrow hypoplasia or aplasia, resulting in decreased production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This leads to pancytopenia and symptoms related to anemia, infection risk, and bleeding. It reflects a failure of hematopoietic stem cells.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hyponatremia: SIADH involves excessive release of antidiuretic hormone, causing water retention and dilution of sodium in the blood. This results in low serum sodium levels, which is a hallmark finding in SIADH. Hyponatremia can lead to symptoms such as confusion, nausea, and seizures if severe.
B. Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia is an elevated potassium level, which is not a characteristic finding in SIADH. Potassium balance is generally maintained unless there is concurrent renal dysfunction or other electrolyte disturbances. It does not contribute to the diagnosis of SIADH.
C. Hypernatremia: Hypernatremia indicates high sodium levels, which occurs with water loss or dehydration. In SIADH, water retention dilutes sodium, making hypernatremia inconsistent with this condition.
D. Hypokalemia: Hypokalemia is low potassium in the blood, which may occur in conditions causing potassium loss, such as vomiting or diuretic use. It is not a direct feature of SIADH, and potassium levels are usually normal unless other factors intervene.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A strain refers to an injury involving a muscle or tendon, where the fibers are stretched or torn due to excessive force or overuse. It affects the structure that connects muscle to bone, not the ligament. Ligaments, which connect bone to bone and provide joint stability, are involved in a sprain when they are stretched or torn.
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