What is the generic name of Flomax?
Alendronate sodium
Tamsulosin hydrochloride
Sildenafil citrate
Finasteride
The Correct Answer is B
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is managed using medications that either relax smooth muscle or reduce prostate volume. Selective alpha-1A blockers target receptors in the bladder neck and prostate to improve urinary flow. These agents provide rapid symptomatic relief for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Unlike non-selective blockers, they have a lower incidence of systemic hypotension and syncope.
Rationale:
A. Alendronate sodium is a bisphosphonate used for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. It works by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption to increase bone mineral density. It has no clinical application in the treatment of prostate disorders or the management of urinary outflow obstruction.
B. Tamsulosin hydrochloride is the generic name for Flomax. It is a selective alpha-1A adrenoceptor antagonist that relaxes the smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck. This relaxation decreases resistance to urinary flow, making it a first-line treatment for the obstructive symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
C. Sildenafil citrate is a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor primarily used for erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. While some PDE5 inhibitors like tadalafil are approved for BPH, sildenafil is not the generic for Flomax. Its primary mechanism is increasing cGMP levels to promote vasodilation in specialized tissues.
D. Finasteride is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor used to treat BPH and male pattern baldness. It works by preventing the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which eventually leads to a reduction in prostate size. While used for BPH, it belongs to a different class than Flomax.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Step 1. Calculate the duration of the infusion.
Time = Total Volume / Rate
Time = 150 mL / 25 mL/hr = 6 hours.
Step 2. Determine the completion time.
Start time: 8 am
8 am + 6 hours = 2 pm.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Albuterol is a sympathomimetic bronchodilator categorized as a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA). It selectively stimulates beta-2 receptors in the lungs to induce smooth muscle relaxation via adenylate cyclase activation. This increases intracellular cAMP levels, effectively reversing acute bronchoconstriction in asthma or COPD patients. Side effects commonly include tachycardia, tremors, and palpitations due to transient stimulation of beta-1 and skeletal muscle receptors.
Rationale:
A. ProAir HFA is the correct answer as it is a brand-name formulation of albuterol sulfate. It utilizes a metered-dose inhaler with hydrofluoroalkane propellant to deliver the medication directly to the bronchioles. This product is the gold standard for providing rapid relief of respiratory distress. It is frequently prescribed for exercise-induced bronchospasm and acute asthma exacerbations.
B. Primatene Mist contains epinephrine as the active ingredient, which is a non-selective alpha and beta-adrenergic agonist. While it provides bronchodilation, it lacks the beta-2 selectivity found in albuterol and has a higher risk of systemic cardiovascular stimulation. It is an over-the-counter medication and is not a formulation of albuterol.
C. Asthmanefrin contains racepinephrine, which is a racemic mixture of epinephrine. It is delivered via an atomizer but is not considered a SABA like albuterol due to its non-selective adrenergic profile. It is primarily used for temporary relief of bronchial asthma symptoms but does not contain the specific albuterol molecule.
D. Xopenex HFA contains levalbuterol, which is the (R)-enantiomer of albuterol. While structurally related, it is a purified form that removes the (S)-isomer, which is thought to be clinically inactive or potentially pro-inflammatory. Therefore, while it acts similarly, the active ingredient is levalbuterol, not racemic albuterol, making this choice technically incorrect.
E. Xopenex Concentrate is the nebulized solution form of levalbuterol. Like the HFA version, it specifically provides the single-isomer levalbuterol for inhalation therapy. It is used for patients who cannot effectively use a handheld inhaler or require high-dose therapy in a clinical setting. It does not contain standard racemic albuterol.
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