What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?
To filter blood and form urine
To produce bile
To regulate heart rate
To digest food
The Correct Answer is A
A. To filter blood and form urine: The kidneys filter blood to remove metabolic wastes, excess electrolytes, and water, producing urine. They also play a key role in regulating blood volume, blood pressure, and maintaining electrolyte and acid-base balance in the body.
B. To produce bile: Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver that emulsifies fats in the small intestine. The kidneys do not participate in digestion or bile production but focus on waste elimination and homeostasis.
C. To regulate heart rate: Heart rate is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and the pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial node in the heart. The kidneys can indirectly influence heart rate through blood pressure regulation, but they do not directly control cardiac rhythm.
D. To digest food: Digestion involves the breakdown of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract through mechanical and chemical processes. The kidneys are involved in filtration, excretion, and homeostasis rather than digestion.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. To protect the brain: The brain is protected by the skull, which is a part of the axial skeleton. The pelvic girdle is located in the lower body and has no role in cranial protection. Its function is primarily structural and supportive rather than protective of the head.
B. To facilitate breathing: Breathing is supported by the diaphragm and ribcage, which expand and contract to allow air movement. The pelvic girdle does not contribute to respiratory mechanics but serves as a base for muscular attachment.
C. To connect the shoulder to the axial skeleton: The shoulder connects to the axial skeleton via the pectoral (shoulder) girdle, not the pelvic girdle. The pelvic girdle instead connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton, providing stability for weight-bearing.
D. To support the weight of the upper body: The pelvic girdle bears the weight of the upper body and distributes it to the lower limbs. It also provides attachment points for muscles that aid in posture, locomotion, and movement, while supporting internal organs in the pelvic region.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Arteries have thicker walls than veins: Arteries have thick, muscular, and elastic walls to withstand high pressure from the heart’s pumping action. This structural feature allows them to maintain blood flow and pressure throughout the circulatory system.
B. Arteries have valves inside them: Arteries generally do not have valves because blood flows under high pressure from the heart. Valves are primarily found in veins to prevent backflow.
C. Veins have thicker walls than arteries: Veins have thinner walls than arteries since they carry blood under lower pressure. Their thinner walls allow veins to expand and accommodate larger volumes of blood.
D. Veins have more elastic tissue than arteries: Arteries contain more elastic tissue to handle pulsatile blood flow. Veins have less elastic tissue and rely on valves and surrounding muscles to help return blood to the heart.
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