What role does the nephron play in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance?
It absorbs nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract.
It secretes hormones to regulate blood pressure.
It facilitates gas exchange in the lungs.
It filters blood and forms urine.
The Correct Answer is D
A. It absorbs nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract: This is the function of the small intestine, not the nephron.
B. It secretes hormones to regulate blood pressure: While the kidney does this (Renin), it is a secondary function; the nephron's primary role in fluid/electrolyte balance is through filtration and urine formation.
C. It facilitates gas exchange in the lungs: This is the function of the alveoli.
D. It filters blood and forms urine: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, maintaining homeostasis by filtering waste from the blood and selectively reabsorbing or secreting water and electrolytes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Add fluid and fiber to the diet: This is the first-line, non-pharmacological intervention. Fiber adds bulk to the stool, and fluid keeps it soft, facilitating easier passage.
B. Avoid gas-producing foods: This might reduce bloating or flatulence, but it does not treat the underlying cause of constipation.
C. Request that the provider prescribe a stool softener: While a stool softener may be used, the nurse should first prioritize lifestyle and dietary interventions before relying on medications.
D. Promote active range-of-motion activities: While general mobility helps with peristalsis, fluid and fiber are more specific and effective interventions for chronic constipation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Folic acid: Folic acid deficiency causes a similar type of macrocytic anemia, but "pernicious anemia" specifically refers to the autoimmune loss of intrinsic factor.
B. Intrinsic factor: Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks parietal cells in the stomach, leading to a lack of intrinsic factor, which is required for Vitamin B12 absorption.
C. Vitamin D: Vitamin D is related to calcium absorption and bone health; its deficiency does not cause pernicious anemia.
D. Iron: Iron deficiency causes microcytic anemia, whereas pernicious anemia is a macrocytic (megaloblastic) anemia.
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