What secondary prevention action should a person take to address potential environmental hazards?
Refer homeowners with lead-based paint to lead abatement resources.
Advocate for safe air and water, and support waste reduction programs.
Monitor factory workers for levels of chemical exposure at job sites.
Support the cleanup of toxic waste sites and remove other hazards
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. This action is primary prevention, aimed at preventing exposure to lead before any adverse effects occur. It focuses on reducing hazards in the environment rather than detecting or treating early disease.
B. This is also primary prevention, targeting broad population-level strategies to reduce environmental hazards and prevent health problems before they occur.
C. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention to minimize the effects of exposure. Monitoring workers for chemical exposure allows early identification of overexposure, enabling interventions such as reducing contact, using protective equipment, or medical evaluation to prevent disease progression. This aligns with the goal of secondary prevention: screening and early detection of health problems.
D. Cleaning up toxic sites is primary prevention, removing hazards before exposure occurs. It prevents disease rather than detecting it early.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is a type I hypersensitivity reaction, which is IgE-mediated. It occurs when allergens trigger histamine release from mast cells, causing sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion.
B. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a type III hypersensitivity reaction, characterized by the formation of immune complexes (antigen-antibody complexes) that deposit in tissues such as the kidneys, joints, skin, and blood vessels. These complexes trigger inflammation and tissue damage through complement activation and recruitment of inflammatory cells. Common manifestations include arthritis, nephritis, rashes, and vasculitis.
C. Poison ivy causes a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, also called a delayed-type hypersensitivity, which is cell-mediated rather than antibody-mediated. The reaction occurs 24–72 hours after exposure and involves T lymphocytes responding to the allergen.
D. Acute hemolytic blood transfusion reactions are type II hypersensitivity reactions, which are antibody-mediated cytotoxic reactions. Preformed antibodies bind to donor red blood cells, leading to cell lysis and hemolysis.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E","F"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Fluid imbalances, whether dehydration or overhydration, can significantly impact tissue integrity. Dehydration reduces skin turgor and elasticity, making it more fragile and prone to tears, abrasions, or pressure injuries. Overhydration can lead to edema, which stretches the skin, increases susceptibility to injury, and may reduce oxygen and nutrient diffusion to tissues. Both extremes interfere with normal wound healing and compromise skin resilience.
B. Reducing friction is a protective intervention, not a risk factor. Friction occurs when the skin rubs against surfaces, causing damage such as skin tears or blisters. Measures to reduce friction, like using lifting devices or repositioning techniques, help maintain tissue integrity, so this option is not a risk factor.
C. Decreased perfusion refers to insufficient blood flow to tissues, limiting oxygen and nutrient delivery essential for skin maintenance and repair. Conditions like peripheral artery disease, hypotension, heart failure, or diabetes-related vascular issues can cause decreased perfusion. Poor perfusion increases the risk of ischemia, necrosis, delayed wound healing, and pressure injury formation, making it a significant risk factor for altered tissue integrity.
D. Smoking negatively affects tissue integrity by causing vasoconstriction, reducing oxygen delivery, and impairing collagen synthesis. However, quitting smoking reverses these risks, improving tissue oxygenation, perfusion, and wound healing. Therefore, quitting smoking is protective, not a risk factor.
E. Immobility or limited mobility increases prolonged pressure on bony prominences, reducing capillary blood flow to skin and subcutaneous tissue. This can lead to pressure ulcers, ischemia, and skin breakdown. Patients who are bedridden, wheelchair-bound, or have paralysis are particularly vulnerable. Altered mobility also increases shear and friction forces when repositioning, further compromising tissue integrity.
F. Chronic hyperglycemia, as seen in diabetes mellitus, affects tissue integrity in multiple ways. Elevated glucose impairs white blood cell function, reducing the body’s ability to fight infection. It also interferes with collagen formation, slows wound healing, and increases the risk of skin infections and pressure injuries. Hypoglycemia indirectly contributes to risk if it results in falls or injury. Both extremes of glucose imbalance can compromise tissue health.
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