What type of bone is the femur classified as?
Long bone
Short bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone
The Correct Answer is A
A. Long bone: The femur is a long bone characterized by a tubular shaft (diaphysis) and two expanded ends (epiphyses). Long bones function primarily in support, movement, and bearing weight, and they contain bone marrow for blood cell production.
B. Short bone: Short bones are roughly cube-shaped, such as the carpals and tarsals, and provide stability with limited movement. The femur does not fit this shape or functional classification.
C. Flat bone: Flat bones, like the sternum and skull bones, are thin and often protect internal organs. The femur’s cylindrical structure does not match that of flat bones.
D. Irregular bone: Irregular bones have complex shapes, such as the vertebrae, to serve specialized functions. The femur’s simple long shape distinguishes it from irregular bones.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. It allows for longitudinal bone growth: The epiphyseal plate, or growth plate, is a layer of hyaline cartilage located between the epiphysis and diaphysis. It enables bones to lengthen during childhood and adolescence through the process of endochondral ossification.
B. It acts as a site for red blood cell production: Red blood cell production occurs primarily in the bone marrow, not in the epiphyseal plate. The growth plate is involved in bone elongation rather than hematopoiesis.
C. It stores calcium for bone strength: Calcium storage occurs in the bone matrix, particularly in compact and spongy bone tissue, not within the epiphyseal plate itself.
D. It provides a surface for muscle attachment: Muscle attachment occurs on bony landmarks such as tuberosities, processes, and ridges. The epiphyseal plate’s function is related to bone growth, not serving as a site for muscle attachment.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Increased ATP levels: During exercise, ATP is consumed rapidly to fuel muscle contractions. Increased ATP levels are not a cause of fatigue; rather, ATP depletion can contribute to reduced muscle performance.
B. Depletion of oxygen: Oxygen depletion can limit aerobic metabolism, but muscles often continue generating energy anaerobically. Oxygen shortage alone is not the primary cause of fatigue in prolonged activity.
C. Lack of glycogen stores: Glycogen is a key energy source, and its depletion can reduce endurance. However, fatigue is more directly related to metabolic byproducts affecting muscle contraction.
D. Accumulation of lactic acid: During intense or prolonged exercise, anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid, which lowers pH in muscle cells. This acidic environment interferes with enzyme activity and muscle contraction, leading to fatigue.
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