When administering a medication, the nurse would identify which of the following clients at risk for toxic effects? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

A. Teaching about adhering to a low-sodium diet: This is tertiary prevention because it aims to manage an existing condition—heart failure—and prevent its complications or recurrence. Educating the client about dietary changes helps reduce fluid overload and risk of readmission.

B. Assessing for risk factors for heart disease: This is considered primary prevention, as it focuses on identifying and addressing potential causes of disease before symptoms occur. It is not appropriate for someone who already has a diagnosed condition.

C. Screening for tuberculosis: Tuberculosis screening is a form of secondary prevention aimed at early detection of disease in asymptomatic individuals. It does not apply to managing an existing chronic illness like heart failure.

D. Screening for breast cancer every 5 years: This is secondary prevention used for early disease detection in people without symptoms. It does not represent managing or preventing worsening of a diagnosed condition.

A. Foot drop: Foot drop occurs when a person is unable to lift the front part of the foot due to weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the lower leg. Prolonged immobility can lead to contractures and muscle atrophy, increasing the risk of foot drop as the muscles weaken over time.

B. Orthostatic Hypotension: Orthostatic hypotension is a common complication of prolonged bedrest. The lack of movement and the reduced ability to adjust blood pressure upon standing can lead to dizziness, fainting, or falls in immobile patients.

C. Constipation: Constipation a common issue for patients on prolonged bedrest. The lack of movement reduces intestinal motility, leading to difficulty passing stools, which can become a serious concern if not managed properly.

D. Decreased cardiac workload: Immobility generally increases cardiac workload due to the body's need to compensate for the lack of activity. Prolonged bedrest leads to decreased circulation and muscle tone, placing additional strain on the heart.

E. Increased ventilation: Immobility leads to decreased ventilation, not increased. Prolonged bedrest can reduce lung expansion and the ability to clear secretions from the lungs, increasing the risk for respiratory complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia.