Which act provides financial incentives for pharmaceutical companies to develop medications that treat rare diseases?
Department of Health and Human Services
National Organization for Rare Disorders
Food and Drug Administration
Orphan Drug Act
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: The Department of Health and Human Services oversees public health programs and agencies but does not directly provide financial incentives for rare disease drug development.
Choice B reason: The National Organization for Rare Disorders advocates for patients and supports research, but it is not a legislative body and does not enact financial incentive programs.
Choice C reason: The Food and Drug Administration regulates drug approval and safety. While it administers the Orphan Drug Act, it is not the source of the legislation itself.
Choice D reason: The Orphan Drug Act, passed in 1983, provides financial incentives such as tax credits, grant funding, and market exclusivity to encourage pharmaceutical companies to develop treatments for rare diseases affecting fewer than 200,000 people in the U.S.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale: While generalized anxiety disorder is a significant mental health concern, it generally carries a lower immediate risk for suicide compared to specific populations facing acute social rejection, identity crises, or systemic lack of support.
Choice B rationale: A recent breakup is a stressful life event that can trigger emotional distress. However, the absence of depression or other co-occurring mental health symptoms statistically lowers this individual's risk compared to other high-risk groups.
Choice C rationale: LGBTQ+ adolescents, particularly those who have recently come out, face a significantly higher risk of suicide due to potential lack of family acceptance, bullying, and social stigma. This population experiences much higher rates of suicidal ideation.
Choice D rationale: A diagnosis of depression is a major risk factor for suicide. However, statistical data consistently shows that the combination of adolescent development and the stressors associated with identifying as a sexual minority creates an even higher risk profile.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement reflects a utilitarian or pragmatic approach but is not a formal definition of teleological theory. It implies value-based prioritization rather than outcome-based judgment.
Choice B reason: Teleological ethics, also known as consequentialism, evaluates the morality of an action based on its outcomes. If the consequences are beneficial or maximize good, the action is considered ethically sound. This theory contrasts with deontological ethics, which focuses on the morality of the act itself.
Choice C reason: This describes deontological ethics, which judges actions based on adherence to rules or duties, regardless of the outcomes. It is the opposite of teleological theory.
Choice D reason: This reflects virtue ethics, which emphasizes the character and moral virtues of the decision-maker rather than the act or its consequences. It is a distinct ethical framework from teleology.
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