Which action is an example of primary prevention?
Avoiding unnecessary imaging tests
Flu vaccination
Cardiac rehabilitation after a heart attack
Screening for breast cancer
The Correct Answer is B
A. Avoiding unnecessary imaging tests: This action represents quaternary prevention, which aims to protect patients from medical interventions that cause more harm than good. It focuses on preventing over-medicalization and reducing exposure to unnecessary radiation or invasive diagnostic procedures. Primary prevention is specifically aimed at preventing the initial onset of a disease before any pathology exists.
B. Flu vaccination: Immunization is a hallmark of primary prevention because it prevents the initial occurrence of an infectious disease. By stimulating the immune system before exposure to a pathogen, the vaccine reduces the incidence of illness within a population. This proactive strategy targets healthy individuals to maintain their wellness and avoid the development of physiological complications.
C. Cardiac rehabilitation after a heart attack: This intervention is classified as tertiary prevention, as it occurs after a significant medical event has already caused damage. The goal of cardiac rehab is to restore function, prevent future occurrences, and optimize the quality of life for the patient. It manages established disease to minimize long-term disability rather than preventing the disease itself.
D. Screening for breast cancer: Mammography and other screenings are examples of secondary prevention, which focuses on early detection of asymptomatic disease. The purpose is to identify pathology in its earliest stages when treatment is most likely to be successful. Unlike primary prevention, secondary prevention assumes the disease process may already be present in the individual.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["3"]
Explanation
Ordered dose: 225 mg PO daily
Available tablet strength: 75 mg per tablet
Number of tablets=Ordered doseAvailable tablet strength
Number of tablets=225mg75mg/tablet
= 3 tablets
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Determine nurse salaries and staffing ratios: The ANA standards are professional guidelines rather than economic or labor mandates. Salaries and staffing levels are typically determined by organizational policies, collective bargaining agreements, or state legislation. The focus of the Scope and Standards is on the quality and nature of nursing work, not financial compensation.
B. Replace state Nurse Practice Acts: Professional standards complement but do not replace the statutory laws enacted by state legislatures. The Nurse Practice Act is the ultimate legal authority that regulates licensure and the legal scope of practice within a jurisdiction. The ANA standards provide a professional framework that helps define the expectations of competent nursing behavior.
C. Establish federal laws regulating nursing practice: Nursing is primarily regulated at the state level through the 10th Amendment, not through a single federal law. The ANA is a professional organization, not a government legislative body with the power to enact federal statutes. Their standards serve as a national benchmark for professional excellence rather than a binding federal mandate.
D. Describe what nurses do and how they provide care: This document outlines the professional roles, responsibilities, and clinical expectations for all registered nurses. It provides a consistent framework for evaluating the quality of care and the professional conduct of the nurse. These standards define the "who, what, where, when, and how" of nursing practice to ensure professional accountability.
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