Which behavior causes the nurse to report a positive Romberg test?

The patient cannot touch his nose with eyes closed.

The patient sways from side to side.

The patient complains of dizziness.

The patient cannot keep his eyes closed.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Inability to touch the nose with eyes closed is part of the finger-to-nose test, not the Romberg test.
B. A positive Romberg test is indicated when the patient sways or loses balance while standing with feet together and eyes closed. This suggests a problem with proprioception or the vestibular system.
C. Dizziness may occur during the test but does not constitute a positive result unless accompanied by swaying or imbalance.
D. The patient being unable to keep eyes closed is not a criterion for a positive Romberg test. The test evaluates balance, not voluntary eye closure.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Mild clumsiness, such as difficulty with fine motor tasks (e.g., buttoning a shirt or writing), is often an early sign of ALS, reflecting initial weakness and muscle dysfunction.
B. ALS typically does not affect mental statusin the early stages; cognitive functions remain intact in most patients.
C. Muscle wasting occurs as the disease progresses, but it is not usually the first sign.
D. A diminished gag reflex may develop later in the disease as bulbar involvement increases, but it is not an initial manifestation.

A. Hypersensitivity reaction attacking the myelin B. Environmental factors and genetic predisposition C. Allergies response to antiviral medications D. bacterial infection of the myelin

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. MS is believed to be an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath, but it is not simply a hypersensitivity reaction.
B. Current evidence suggests that a combination of environmental factors (such as viral infections, vitamin D deficiency) and genetic predisposition contribute to the development of MS.
C. Allergic responses to antiviral medications are not linked to causing MS.
D. MS is not caused by a bacterial infection of the myelin; it is an autoimmune demyelinating disease.

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Which behavior causes the nurse to report a positive Romberg test?

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