Which combination is an example of a common food-drug interaction?
Acetaminophen and liver disease
Warfarin and green leafy vegetables
MAOIs and St. John's Wort
Simvastatin and cranberry juice
The Correct Answer is B
A. Acetaminophen and liver disease: While acetaminophen can worsen liver damage in individuals with hepatic impairment, this represents a drug-disease interaction, not a food-drug interaction. Food intake does not significantly alter acetaminophen metabolism.
B. Warfarin and green leafy vegetables: Green leafy vegetables, such as spinach and kale, are high in vitamin K, which counteracts the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. This interaction reduces the drug’s effectiveness and can increase the risk of clot formation.
C. MAOIs and St. John’s Wort: This represents a drug-drug interaction, not a food-drug interaction. Combining monoamine oxidase inhibitors with St. John’s Wort increases serotonin levels excessively, risking serotonin syndrome.
D. Simvastatin and cranberry juice: While grapefruit juice can increase simvastatin levels by inhibiting CYP3A4 metabolism, cranberry juice does not significantly affect statin metabolism.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Peak concentration: This refers to the highest plasma concentration of a drug achieved after administration. While important for evaluating drug absorption and timing of effects, it does not specifically describe the percentage of a drug dose that successfully enters systemic circulation.
B. First-pass effect: This describes the process where drugs are metabolized in the liver before reaching systemic circulation, reducing the active drug available. The term first-pass effect refers to the process itself, not the percentage that enters circulation.
C. Bioavailability: This term describes the fraction or percentage of an administered dose that reaches systemic circulation in its active form. In the example, 800 mg of the 1000 mg dose entered circulation, meaning the bioavailability is 80%.
D. Drug potency: Potency refers to the amount of drug needed to produce a specific therapeutic effect, not the percentage of drug reaching systemic circulation. Therefore, it does not apply to the calculation or description of systemic drug levels.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Dilates blood vessels to increase blood flow: Ginkgo biloba primarily works by improving circulation through vasodilation and reducing platelet aggregation. Enhanced cerebral blood flow is thought to support memory, cognition, and overall brain function.
B. Stimulates the effects of the neurotransmitter dopamine: Dopamine stimulation is associated with medications used for Parkinson’s disease, such as levodopa. Ginkgo biloba does not act on dopamine receptors or pathways and therefore does not produce dopaminergic effects.
C. Mimics the effect of the hormone estrogen: Phytoestrogenic effects are linked to herbs like black cohosh or soy isoflavones. Ginkgo biloba does not mimic estrogenic activity or influence hormonal balance.
D. Enhances the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA: Herbs such as valerian root and kava act on GABA receptors to promote relaxation. Ginkgo biloba does not enhance GABA activity; its benefits stem from vascular and antioxidant mechanisms rather than sedative properties.
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