Which component of blood is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?

A. It helps in the transportation of oxygen across the alveolar membrane: Oxygen transport across the alveolar membrane depends on diffusion driven by concentration gradients, not directly on surfactant.

B. It increases the rate of oxygen absorption in the lungs: Surfactant does not directly increase oxygen absorption; it facilitates gas exchange indirectly by maintaining alveolar stability.

C. It reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse: Surfactant is a lipid-protein substance that lines alveoli, lowering surface tension. This prevents alveolar collapse during exhalation and allows easier expansion during inhalation, improving overall lung function.

D. It supports the structural integrity of the bronchial walls: Bronchial walls are supported by cartilage and smooth muscle, not surfactant, which primarily functions within the alveoli.

A. Vitiligo: Vitiligo is characterized by depigmented patches of skin due to the loss of melanocytes. It is not associated with inflammation and does not indicate an active inflammatory response.

B. Pallor: Pallor refers to a pale skin color, often caused by anemia, shock, or decreased blood flow. While it reflects systemic changes, it is not a direct sign of localized inflammation.

C. Erythema: Erythema is redness of the skin caused by increased blood flow to affected areas. It is a hallmark sign of inflammation and indicates vasodilation and immune activity in response to injury or infection.

D. Xerosis: Xerosis refers to abnormally dry skin, which can cause itching and flaking. It does not indicate an inflammatory process but rather a barrier or moisture-related issue.