Which condition is included in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Choice A reason: This statement is correct, as adjuvant medications are drugs that are not primarily intended for pain relief, but can enhance the analgesic effect of other pain medications. Examples of adjuvant medications are antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or corticosteroids.

Choice B reason: This statement is false, as adjuvant medications can have significant side effects, depending on the type and dose of the drug. Some common side effects are drowsiness, nausea, dry mouth, or weight gain.

Choice C reason: This statement is misleading, as adjuvant medications are not used instead of opioids, but rather as an adjunct to opioids or other analgesics. Adjuvant medications can help reduce the dose of opioids needed to achieve pain relief, but they do not replace them entirely.

Choice D reason: This statement is inaccurate, as adjuvant medications are not used to eliminate the side effects of opioid medications, but rather to treat the underlying cause or mechanism of pain. Adjuvant medications can target different types of pain, such as neuropathic, inflammatory, or visceral pain.

Choice A reason: Constipation is the nurse's priority for preventive care, as it is a common and serious side effect of morphine and other opioids, which can slow down the bowel movements and cause hard, dry stools. The nurse would advise the older adult to increase their fiber and fluid intake, use stool softeners or laxatives as prescribed, and report any signs of bowel obstruction, such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, or vomiting.

Choice B reason: Poor liquid intake is not the nurse's priority for preventive care, as it is not directly related to the use of morphine, although it can contribute to constipation and dehydration. The nurse would advise the older adult to drink enough fluids, unless they have a fluid restriction, and to monitor their urine output, color, and specific gravity.

Choice C reason: Diarrhea is not the nurse's priority for preventive care, as it is not a common side effect of morphine, although it can occur in some cases due to an allergic reaction, intolerance, or overdose. The nurse would advise the older adult to report any episodes of diarrhea, as it can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, or malabsorption.

Choice D reason: Poor solid food intake is not the nurse's priority for preventive care, as it is not directly related to the use of morphine, although it can affect the nutritional status and wound healing of the older adult. The nurse would advise the older adult to eat a balanced diet that meets their caloric and protein needs, and to avoid foods that can cause gas, indigestion, or constipation.