An African American 58-year-old man in good health has a blood pressure of 120/73 mm Hg at his annual physical examination. Which of the following is the best goal for the nurse to use to assist him in maintaining his health and wellness into older age?

Choice A reason: This action is correct because the client is showing signs of a possible stroke, such as a severe headache and numbness in one side of the body. The nurse should call 9-11 immediately to get the client to the nearest hospital for urgent evaluation and treatment. The nurse should also monitor the client's vital signs, neurological status, and airway until help arrives.

Choice B reason: This action is incorrect because the client's headache and numbness are not likely to be caused by a migraine, but by a stroke. The nurse should not waste time asking about the client's history of headaches, but rather act quickly to get the client to the hospital. The nurse should also not assume that the client's symptoms are benign or familiar, but rather treat them as an emergency.

Choice C reason: This action is incorrect because the client's headache and numbness are not likely to be relieved by acetaminophen, but by a stroke. The nurse should not give the client any medication without a doctor's order, especially if the client has a history of TIA or stroke. The nurse should also not delay calling 9-11 by administering medication, as every minute counts in saving the client's brain cells.

Choice D reason: This action is incorrect because the client's headache and numbness are not likely to resolve within 24 hours, but by a stroke. The nurse should not reassure the client that the symptoms are temporary or harmless, but rather alert the client that they are signs of a serious condition. The nurse should also not delay calling 9-11 by providing false comfort, as the client's condition may worsen rapidly.

Choice A reason: Functional incontinence refers to a situation in which the lower urinary tract is intact, but the individual is unable to reach the toilet because of environmental barriers, physical limitations, or severe cognitive impairment. This is the most likely type of incontinence for an older female adult with severe cognitive impairments, as she may not be aware of her bladder sensations, forget where the bathroom is, or have difficulty communicating her needs.

Choice B reason: Stress incontinence is when urine leaks when you exert pressure on your bladder by coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising or lifting something heavy. This is not the most likely type of incontinence for an older female adult with severe cognitive impairments, as it is not related to her cognitive status, but rather to the weakening of the pelvic floor muscles and the urethral sphincter.

Choice C reason: Postvoid residual is when the bladder does not empty completely after urination, causing frequent or constant dribbling of urine. This is not the most likely type of incontinence for an older female adult with severe cognitive impairments, as it is not related to her cognitive status, but rather to the obstruction of the bladder outlet, the underactivity of the bladder muscle, or the dysfunction of the bladder nerves.

Choice D reason: Urge incontinence is when you have a sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by an involuntary loss of urine. This is not the most likely type of incontinence for an older female adult with severe cognitive impairments, as it is not related to her cognitive status, but rather to the overactivity of the bladder muscle, the irritation of the bladder lining, or the infection of the urinary tract.

Choice E reason: None of the above is not the correct answer, as there is one choice that is the most likely type of incontinence for an older female adult with severe cognitive impairments.