An African American 58-year-old man in good health has a blood pressure of 120/73 mm Hg at his annual physical examination. Which of the following is the best goal for the nurse to use to assist him in maintaining his health and wellness into older age?
Alter modifiable risk factors
Maintain tight glycemic control
Recognize disease in its early stages
Prevent cardiovascular disease
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Altering modifiable risk factors is a good goal for anyone who wants to improve their health and wellness, but it is not specific to the case of the African American man who already has a normal blood pressure and no apparent health problems. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed by lifestyle choices, such as smoking, diet, exercise, stress, or alcohol consumption.
Choice B reason: Maintaining tight glycemic control is a relevant goal for people who have diabetes or prediabetes, as it can help prevent or delay the complications of high blood sugar, such as nerve damage, kidney damage, or eye damage. However, there is no indication that the African American man has diabetes or prediabetes, so this goal is not applicable to him.
Choice C reason: Recognizing disease in its early stages is a general goal for everyone who wants to prevent or treat health problems, but it is not specific to the case of the African American man who has no signs or symptoms of any disease. Moreover, this goal is more reactive than proactive, as it implies waiting for disease to occur rather than preventing it.
Choice D reason: Preventing cardiovascular disease is the best goal for the nurse to use to assist the African American man in maintaining his health and wellness into older age, as it is specific, proactive, and evidence-based. According to the American Heart Association, high blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and it is more prevalent and severe among African Americans than other racial groups. Therefore, the nurse would advise the African American man to monitor his blood pressure regularly, follow a healthy diet, exercise moderately, avoid smoking, and take medication if needed to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Allowing the client to remain in bed but sharing that getting up will be required at least twice a day starting the next morning is not an effective intervention, as it does not address the client's current pain or anxiety, and may increase the client's resistance or fear of mobilization.
Choice B reason: Using the Hoyer lift to get her out of bed so that the knee will not experience much movement and so there will be little pain is not an appropriate intervention, as it does not respect the client's autonomy or preference, and may cause more pain or injury to the knee or other joints.
Choice C reason: Sharing with the client that it is important to get out of bed and that there is pain medication available if it does hurt is not a sufficient intervention, as it does not provide the client with adequate pain relief or reassurance, and may imply that the client's pain is not taken seriously or validated.
Choice D reason: Offering pain medication, administering the medication, and waiting 30 minutes before getting her out of bed is the best intervention, as it provides the client with effective pain management, reduces the client's anxiety, and facilitates the client's mobilization and recovery.
Correct Answer is ["A","B"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Sunken eyes are a sign of dehydration because the fluid loss causes the eyes to lose their shape and appear hollow. This is especially noticeable in older adults who have less fat and muscle around the eyes.
Choice B reason: Lower extremity weakness is a sign of dehydration because the fluid loss affects the blood volume and circulation, leading to reduced oxygen and nutrient delivery to the muscles. This can cause muscle fatigue, cramps, and weakness.
Choice C reason: High fever is not a sign of dehydration, but rather a possible cause of dehydration. Fever increases the body temperature and metabolic rate, which leads to increased sweating and fluid loss. However, fever itself does not indicate dehydration, unless it is accompanied by other signs and symptoms.
Choice D reason: Cough is not a sign of dehydration, but rather a possible cause of dehydration. Coughing can cause fluid loss through the respiratory tract, especially if it is productive or associated with vomiting. However, cough itself does not indicate dehydration, unless it is accompanied by other signs and symptoms.
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