Which group of medications is most likely to cause damage to the kidneys?
Opioids
Cephalosporins
NSAIDS
Statin drugs
The Correct Answer is C
A. Opioids: Opioids primarily affect the central nervous system by binding to pain receptors, leading to analgesia and sedation. They do not typically cause direct kidney damage, although dehydration from opioid-induced nausea or vomiting can indirectly affect renal function.
B. Cephalosporins: While generally safe, cephalosporins can cause nephrotoxicity in rare cases, especially when used in high doses or in patients with pre-existing kidney disease. However, they are not the most common cause of kidney injury compared to NSAIDs.
C. NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are well-known for their nephrotoxic potential. They inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which reduces renal blood flow and can lead to acute kidney injury, particularly in dehydrated or elderly patients.
D. Statin drugs: Statins primarily affect the liver and muscles, occasionally causing myopathy or rhabdomyolysis at high doses. While severe muscle breakdown can secondarily impair kidney function, this effect is uncommon compared to the direct nephrotoxicity caused by NSAIDs.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Definitive dose: A definitive dose refers to a dosage determined after identifying the specific pathogen and its drug sensitivity. It is not related to the initial high dose given to rapidly raise serum drug levels in the body.
B. Prophylactic dose: A prophylactic dose is administered to prevent infection, not to treat an existing one. It is typically lower and given before exposure or surgery, unlike the large therapeutic dose described in this scenario.
C. Maintenance dose: A maintenance dose is a smaller, ongoing dose used to maintain a drug’s effective concentration after the initial therapeutic level has been reached. In this case, the lower doses given from days 2–7 represent the maintenance phase.
D. Loading dose: A loading dose is a higher initial dose given to rapidly achieve a therapeutic drug concentration in the bloodstream, especially when immediate drug action is needed. The high dose given on day 1 fits this definition precisely.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Applying warning stickers on high-alert medications: This practice helps alert nurses and pharmacists to drugs with a high risk of causing harm if used incorrectly. It enhances medication safety and decreases, rather than increases, the risk of errors.
B. Use of bright lights in the medication room: Adequate lighting improves visibility when preparing and administering medications, helping healthcare providers read labels clearly. Proper illumination minimizes mistakes and therefore reduces medication error risk.
C. Using the tall man lettering system on medication labels: Tall man lettering highlights the differing portions of look-alike drug names (e.g., DOPamine vs. DOBUTamine), helping prevent confusion and selection errors. This safety strategy decreases the likelihood of medication mix-ups.
D. Store look alike medications together: Placing medications with similar names or packaging near each other increases the chance of grabbing the wrong drug. This practice significantly raises the risk of medication errors, especially in fast-paced clinical settings.
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