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Which hormone is released when chyme with lipids and proteins enters the duodenum and stimulates pancreatic enzyme production?

A.

Gastrin

B.

Secretin

C.

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

D.

Ghrelin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Gastrin: Gastrin is primarily involved in stimulating the parietal cells to produce acid in response to gastric distension. While it has some influence on the pancreas, it is not the primary trigger for enzyme release. It is a stomach-focused hormone.

B. Secretin: The primary stimulus for secretin release is the presence of low pH (acid) in the duodenum. Its main target is the pancreatic ductal cells for bicarbonate secretion. It does not specifically target acinar cells for enzyme production.

C. Cholecystokinin (CCK): CCK is released by I cells in response to dietary fats and peptides. It acts on pancreatic acinar cells to trigger the exocytosis of digestive enzymes like lipases and proteases. It also induces gallbladder contraction for bile release.

D. Ghrelin: This hormone is involved in energy homeostasis and the initiation of feeding behavior. It does not play a role in the hormonal stimulation of pancreatic exocrine secretions during the intestinal phase. It is produced before the meal arrives.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"B"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"C"}}

Explanation

Patient

Medication

Patient is being treated for acute constipation.

Polyethylene Glycol

Patient with IBS-C

Linaclotide

Patient with IBS-D

Imodium


Polyethylene Glycol:This osmotic laxative is prescribed for patients experiencing acute constipation to soften stool and facilitate evacuation. It increases the water content within the colon through osmotic pressure. It is used for short-term symptomatic relief.

Linaclotide:This guanylate cyclase-C agonist is indicated for patients with IBS-C to increase intestinal fluid secretion and motility. It also reduces visceral pain by decreasing the activity of pain-sensing nerves. It addresses both constipation and abdominal discomfort.

Imodium:Loperamide is an opioid-receptor agonist used for patients with IBS-D to slow intestinal transit. By increasing the residence time of chyme, it allows for greater water resorption and reduced stool frequency. It treats the hypermotility associated with diarrhea.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A mixture of digested food and bile, formed in the small intestine:By the time food enters the small intestine and mixes with bile, it is already considered chyme. Bile facilitates emulsification but is not the primary agent of chyme formation. Chyme originates more proximally.

B. A sugar-based fluid produced in the mouth during chewing:The product formed in the mouth is a bolus, which consists of masticated food and saliva. It is not yet acidic or liquefied. The transformation into chyme requires gastric acid and muscular contractions.

C. A byproduct of nutrient absorption in the large intestine:The material in the large intestine is referred to as fecal matter or stool. Chyme is the precursor to this, existing primarily in the stomach and small intestine. The colon removes water from chyme.

D. A partially digested, acidic mixture created by mechanical churning in the stomach:Chyme results from the mechanical action of gastric smooth muscle mixing the bolus with hydrochloric acid and pepsin. This process liquefies food into a creamy, semi-fluid mass. It is the form in which food exits the stomach.

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