Which joint disorder is characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage, leading to pain and limited motion?

A. Saddle joint: Saddle joints allow biaxial movement (e.g., thumb carpometacarpal joint) but do not permit movement in all directions.
B. Pivot joint: Pivot joints allow rotation around a single axis (e.g., atlantoaxial joint) and therefore do not provide multiaxial movement.
C. Hinge joint: Hinge joints permit movement primarily in one plane (flexion/extension) like the elbow and do not allow movement in all directions.
D. Ball-and-socket joint: Ball-and-socket joints (for example the shoulder and hip) permit multiaxial movement including flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and rotation, allowing the greatest directional range.

A. Striated muscle:Striated muscle refers to muscle with a banded appearance and includes skeletal and cardiac muscle; it is not the typical involuntary muscle of hollow organs.
B. Cardiac muscle:Cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated but is specific to the heart rather than the walls of most hollow organs.
C. Smooth muscle:Smooth muscle is non-striated, involuntary, and forms the walls of hollow organs (for example blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, and the bladder).
D. Skeletal muscle:Skeletal muscle is striated and under voluntary control, primarily attached to bones for movement.