Which of the following agents is most likely to cause sedating side effects?
Fexofenadine
Pseudoephedrine
Diphenhydramine
Loratadine
The Correct Answer is C
A. Fexofenadine: Fexofenadine is a second-generation antihistamine that selectively blocks peripheral H1 receptors without significant penetration of the blood-brain barrier. As a result, it has minimal central nervous system effects and rarely causes sedation, making it safe for daytime use.
B. Pseudoephedrine: Pseudoephedrine is a systemic sympathomimetic decongestant that stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors, causing vasoconstriction of nasal blood vessels. Its primary side effects include insomnia, jitteriness, and increased heart rate, but it is not sedating.
C. Diphenhydramine: Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine that crosses the blood-brain barrier and blocks central H1 receptors. This action leads to significant sedation, drowsiness, and impaired cognitive function, making it the most sedating option among the choices and often used as a sleep aid.
D. Loratadine: Loratadine is another second-generation antihistamine with minimal central nervous system penetration. It provides relief from allergic symptoms without causing significant sedation, making it preferable for daytime allergy management.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Coronavirus: Dextromethorphan does not treat viral infections such as coronavirus. While it may help manage a symptom like a cough, it has no antiviral properties or effect on the underlying infection.
B. Allergic rhinitis: Allergic rhinitis is primarily treated with antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, or decongestants. Dextromethorphan does not address nasal congestion, sneezing, or histamine-mediated symptoms.
C. Nonproductive cough: Dextromethorphan is an antitussive that suppresses the cough reflex, making it effective for dry, nonproductive coughs where coughing provides no benefit and causes discomfort or sleep disturbance.
D. Ineffective productive cough: In a productive cough, suppression with dextromethorphan is not recommended because coughing helps clear secretions from the airways. Using it in this situation could worsen airway obstruction or infection risk.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Debrox (carbamide peroxide 6.5%) is an over-the-counter earwax softening agent used to treat cerumen impaction in adults. The recommended adult dosing is 5 to 10 drops instilled into the affected ear(s) twice daily for up to 4 days. The drops help soften and loosen earwax, making removal easier. Patients should avoid using Debrox if they have a perforated eardrum or signs of ear infection. It is important to follow the dosing instructions carefully to prevent irritation, and patients should seek medical evaluation if symptoms persist beyond 4 days.
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