Which of the following are premonitory signs of labor?
Cervical dilation and effacement.
Swelling of the feet and ankles.
Nesting instinct.
Increase in maternal blood pressure.
Bloody show.
Increase in Braxton Hicks contractions.
Correct Answer : A,C,E,F
Choice A rationale
Cervical dilation and effacement indicate the body is preparing for labor by allowing the cervix to open and thin out for childbirth.
Choice B rationale
Swelling of the feet and ankles is common in pregnancy due to increased fluid retention but is not a specific sign of imminent labor.
Choice C rationale
The nesting instinct, a burst of energy and urge to prepare the home, often occurs as labor approaches, driven by hormonal changes.
Choice D rationale
Increase in maternal blood pressure may indicate preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication, but not a premonitory sign of labor.
Choice E rationale
Bloody show involves the discharge of mucus with blood from the cervix, signaling that labor is likely to begin soon.
Choice F rationale
Increase in Braxton Hicks contractions, or practice contractions, helps the uterus prepare for true labor by strengthening muscles.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice B rationale
Fetal macrosomia, defined as birth weight above 4,000 grams, can complicate labor due to increased risk of shoulder dystocia, prolonged labor, and cesarean delivery. Proper management of macrosomia is critical for maternal and neonatal outcomeChoice s.
Choice A rationale
Small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses, although growth-restricted, typically do not pose mechanical issues in labor. The primary concerns involve potential preterm birth, low birth weight, and associated neonatal complications, not labor obstruction.
Choice C rationale
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) fetuses are smaller than expected for gestational age but do not generally cause labor obstruction. IUGR primarily raises concerns about fetal well-being and potential complications, not mechanical labor issues.
Choice D rationale
Fetal anemia, although serious, does not typically affect the mechanical aspects of labor progression. It can lead to fetal hypoxia and distress, requiring close monitoring and potentially earlier delivery, but not labor complications related to size.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Leopold's maneuvers help determine the fetus's presentation (head, breech) and position (left, right) within the uterus for optimal birth planning.
Choice B rationale
Cervical dilation is assessed through a vaginal exam, not through Leopold's maneuvers, which focus on external palpation.
Choice C rationale
Frequency and intensity of contractions are monitored using a tocodynamometer, not determined by Leopold's maneuvers.
Choice D rationale
Membrane rupture is assessed by inspecting fluid leakage or testing fluid, not by Leopold's maneuvers, which assess fetal positioning.
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