Which of the following best describes the clinical characteristics of anorexia nervosa?
Regular episodes of consuming large amounts of food without compensatory behaviors
Recurrent binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting
A condition characterized by frequent overeating and rapid weight gain
A potentially fatal disorder marked by self-starvation and excessive weight loss
The Correct Answer is D
A. This describes behaviors associated with binge-eating disorder, where individuals consume large amounts of food without engaging in compensatory behaviors such as purging or excessive exercise.
B. This describes bulimia nervosa, which involves recurrent binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like self-induced vomiting, laxative use, or over-exercising to prevent weight gain.
C. Frequent overeating and rapid weight gain are not characteristic of anorexia nervosa. This pattern is more consistent with binge-eating disorder or general obesity-related behaviors.
D. Anorexia nervosa is a potentially fatal eating disorder characterized by self-starvation, extreme restriction of caloric intake, intense fear of gaining weight, and excessive weight loss. Clinical features often include emaciation, bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia, electrolyte imbalances, amenorrhea in females, and hair or skin changes. Anorexia nervosa carries a high risk of medical complications, including cardiovascular collapse, osteoporosis, and death if untreated.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. While the heart may be affected by severe thiamine deficiency, the lungs are not directly impacted by thiamine status. Lung function is largely independent of thiamine.
B. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is essential for carbohydrate metabolism and energy production in cells, especially in tissues with high metabolic demands. The brain and heart are particularly sensitive to thiamine deficiency because they require constant energy supply to function. Inadequate thiamine can lead to neurological disorders such as Wernicke’s encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy, as well as cardiovascular complications like beriberi, which can manifest as heart failure or tachycardia.
C. The liver and kidneys play key roles in metabolism and excretion but are not the primary organs affected by thiamine deficiency. They are less sensitive to energy deficits caused by thiamine insufficiency.
D. Muscles and ligaments are involved in movement and support but are not the main organs impacted by thiamine deficiency. Muscle weakness may occur indirectly, but the primary effects are neurological and cardiac.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Traditional methods of food preservation—salting, sugaring, drying, and smoking—have been used for centuries and remain in use today. Salting draws moisture out of foods to inhibit bacterial growth. Sugaring, used in jams and candies, reduces water activity, making the environment unsuitable for microbes. Drying removes moisture, preventing spoilage, while smoking imparts flavor and introduces compounds that inhibit microbial growth. These methods were developed long before modern technology and continue to be effective, particularly in artisanal and emergency food preservation.
B. Stabilizers, texturizers, and emulsifiers are modern food additives used to improve texture, consistency, and appearance in processed foods, not traditional preservation methods.
C. Preservatives such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (tocopherols) are modern chemical methods to prevent oxidation and spoilage, and were not historically used prior to technological advances.
D. Mechanical refrigeration is a technological advancement that emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries. While highly effective, it is not considered a traditional method of food preservation.
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