Which of the following conditions might result in the greatest catabolism?
Trauma with extensive organ damage
Healing a broken bone in the arm
Growth
Rehabilitation after routine gallbladder surgery
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Trauma with extensive organ damage triggers severe catabolism, as stress hormones (e.g., cortisol) and cytokines increase protein breakdown (up to 2.0 grams/kg daily) to supply amino acids for energy and repair. This extreme metabolic demand surpasses other conditions, causing significant muscle and tissue loss.
Choice B reason: Healing a broken bone requires localized protein synthesis for bone remodeling, increasing protein needs slightly (1.0-1.2 grams/kg daily). This is less catabolic than trauma, as it involves specific tissue repair without systemic metabolic stress, resulting in minimal overall protein breakdown.
Choice C reason: Growth, as in children or adolescents, is an anabolic state, with protein synthesis exceeding catabolism (0.85-1.0 grams/kg daily). Amino acids are used for tissue building, not breakdown, making this the least catabolic condition, as the body prioritizes muscle and organ development.
Choice D reason: Rehabilitation after gallbladder surgery involves moderate protein needs (1.0-1.5 grams/kg daily) for tissue repair. While catabolism may increase slightly post-surgery, it is far less severe than trauma with organ damage, which induces widespread metabolic stress and protein breakdown across multiple systems.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: A 4-ounce container of Greek yogurt provides about 10 grams of complete protein, rich in essential amino acids. While nutritious, its protein content is significantly lower than salmon, making it less effective for meeting high protein needs in diets requiring substantial amino acid intake.
Choice B reason: An 8-ounce salmon fillet offers approximately 46 grams of complete protein, containing all essential amino acids. This high protein content supports muscle repair, immune function, and metabolic needs, making it the highest protein source among the options, ideal for high-protein dietary requirements.
Choice C reason: Two cups of kale provide about 5 grams of protein, primarily incomplete, lacking sufficient essential amino acids like methionine. As a leafy green, kale is better suited for vitamins and fiber, not as a primary protein source, making it inadequate for high-protein needs.
Choice D reason: One cup of almond milk provides about 1 gram of protein, significantly lower than animal-based sources like salmon or yogurt. It lacks essential amino acids and is primarily a low-protein beverage, unsuitable as a primary protein source for meeting nutritional requirements.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Conditionally indispensable amino acids, like glutamine or arginine, are typically synthesized by the body but become essential during stress (e.g., burns, illness), when demand exceeds synthesis. For example, glutamine supports immune function and gut repair, requiring dietary intake in critical conditions to meet metabolic needs.
Choice B reason: Nonessential amino acids, like alanine, are synthesized by the body under normal conditions and rarely require dietary intake, even during stress. Their consistent production by the liver and other tissues makes them an incorrect choice, as they are not conditionally dependent on diet.
Choice C reason: Essential amino acids, like lysine, cannot be synthesized by the body and must always be obtained from the diet, regardless of conditions. This makes them distinct from conditionally indispensable amino acids, which only become essential under specific physiological stresses, making this incorrect.
Choice D reason: Complete amino acids is not a recognized term; it likely refers to complete proteins containing all essential amino acids. This does not describe amino acid synthesis by the body, as the term applies to dietary sources, making it an incorrect choice for this question.
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