A nurse is working in an outpatient clinic. A patient states that they have heard the best way to lose weight is with a high protein diet. The nurse’s response to this is which of the following statements?
Just eat fruits and vegetables, you’ll lose weight
Very high protein diets can cause the kidneys to overwork, which may cause damage
That is correct, carbohydrates are what make people gain weight
You should eat a high saturated, low unsaturated fat diet
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Advising only fruits and vegetables ignores protein needs (0.8 grams/kg daily) for muscle maintenance during weight loss. These foods provide minimal protein (<2 grams per cup), insufficient for satiety or metabolism, and lack essential amino acids, making this an ineffective weight loss strategy.
Choice B reason: Very high protein diets (>2.0 grams/kg daily) increase nitrogen waste, requiring kidneys to excrete excess urea, potentially causing renal strain or damage, especially in individuals with pre-existing kidney issues. This makes it a critical caution for safe weight loss, aligning with balanced dietary recommendations.
Choice C reason: Blaming carbohydrates for weight gain oversimplifies nutrition. Weight gain results from caloric surplus, not solely carbohydrates (4 kcal/gram), which are essential for energy (45-65% of calories). This statement ignores protein’s role (20-35% of calories) and is misleading for effective weight loss.
Choice D reason: A high saturated, low unsaturated fat diet increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, promoting heart disease risk, not weight loss. Saturated fats (e.g., from red meat) are calorie-dense (9 kcal/gram), counteracting weight loss goals, making this an incorrect and unhealthy recommendation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Fried foods, high in saturated and trans fats, elevate low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, promoting atherosclerosis and increasing heart disease risk. They offer no protective benefit, as their high fat content (9 kcal/gram) contributes to arterial plaque formation, making this an incorrect choice.
Choice B reason: Cardiac rehabilitation is a treatment after a heart attack, not a preventative measure. It improves recovery through exercise and education but does not prevent initial heart disease, as it addresses existing conditions rather than reducing risk factors like cholesterol or hypertension.
Choice C reason: Lean meats (turkey, chicken) and fish, low in saturated fat and rich in omega-3s (fish), reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and atherosclerosis risk. Providing 20-26 grams of protein per 3-ounce serving, they support heart health, making this a key preventative lifestyle change.
Choice D reason: Blood pressure medication manages hypertension, a heart disease risk factor, but is not a lifestyle change. It is a medical intervention, not a preventative dietary or behavioral modification, making it less aligned with proactive heart disease prevention compared to dietary changes.
Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Sweet potatoes are starchy vegetables, primarily providing carbohydrates and fiber, with minimal protein (about 2 grams per cup). They are classified under the vegetable group in MyPlate, not the protein group, as they lack significant protein content for dietary needs.
Choice B reason: Black beans are legumes, rich in protein (about 15 grams per cup), and are included in the MyPlate protein group. They provide incomplete proteins, which can complement other plant sources to meet essential amino acid requirements, supporting muscle maintenance.
Choice C reason: Brown rice is a grain, primarily a carbohydrate source with low protein content (about 5 grams per cup). It is classified under the grains group in MyPlate, not the protein group, as it does not contribute significantly to protein intake.
Choice D reason: Almond butter, made from nuts, provides about 7 grams of protein per tablespoon and is included in the MyPlate protein group. It offers healthy fats and incomplete proteins, which can be combined with other foods to meet amino acid needs.
Choice E reason: Eggs are a complete protein source, providing about 6 grams of protein per egg, and are a key component of the MyPlate protein group. They contain all essential amino acids, supporting muscle repair, immune function, and overall nutrition.
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