Which of the following correctly describes the anatomical relationship between the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus?
The hypothalamus is posterior to the pituitary gland.
The hypothalamus is located within the sella turcica.
The pituitary gland is superior to the hypothalamus.
The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum.
The Correct Answer is D
A. The hypothalamus is posterior to the pituitary gland: The hypothalamus is actually superior (above) and connected to the pituitary; it is not located posterior to the pituitary.
B. The hypothalamus is located within the sella turcica: The sella turcica is the bony depression in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland, not the hypothalamus, which lies superior to it in the diencephalon.
C. The pituitary gland is superior to the hypothalamus: The pituitary lies inferior to the hypothalamus; it is not superior.
D. The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum: The infundibulum (pituitary stalk) physically connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary, allowing neural and vascular communication between them.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Non-steroid hormones include lipid-based molecules.:Many non-steroid hormones are peptide- or amino-acid–derived and are water-soluble rather than lipid-based, although some non-steroid hormones (like thyroid hormones) are lipid-soluble exceptions.
B. Non-steroid hormones contain fatty acids.:Non-steroid hormones are typically peptides or amino-acid derivatives and do not characteristically contain fatty-acid structures.
C. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol.:Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol, giving them a four-ring lipid structure that makes them lipid-soluble and able to cross cell membranes.
D. Steroid hormones are composed of amino acids.:Steroid hormones are not composed of amino acids; amino-acid composition is a feature of peptide hormones and some amine hormones.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Aldosterone:Aldosterone primarily regulates sodium and potassium balance and blood pressure, not the classic metabolic stress response.
B. Insulin:Insulin regulates blood glucose uptake and metabolism; it is not the primary hormone mediating the stress response.
C. Cortisol:Cortisol, produced via the HPA axis, mobilizes energy, modulates immune responses, and is the principal glucocorticoid involved in the stress response.
D. Thyroxine:Thyroxine (T4) controls basal metabolic rate and growth but is not the primary hormone of the acute stress response.
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