Which of the following describes a closed traumatic brain injury?
Injury from chemicals
Acceleration/deceleration injury occurs when the head accelerates and then rapidly decelerates, damaging brain tissue
Stressed injury to the brain
Object penetrates the brain or trauma is so severe that the scalp and skull are opened
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A: Injury from chemicals is incorrect because it is not a type of traumatic brain injury. Injury from chemicals is a type of toxic brain injury, which occurs when a substance such as alcohol, drugs, or carbon monoxide enters the bloodstream and affects the brain function or structure. It can cause symptoms such as confusion, memory loss, or seizures.
Choice B: Acceleration/deceleration injury occurs when the head accelerates and then rapidly decelerates, damaging brain tissue is correct because it is the definition of a closed traumatic brain injury. A closed traumatic brain injury occurs when the head moves violently without breaking the skull. This can cause the brain to hit against the inner wall of the skull or twist within the skull, resulting in bruising, tearing, or shearing of the brain tissue.
Choice C: Stressed injury to the brain is incorrect because it is not a type of traumatic brain injury. Stressed injury to the brain is a type of psychological brain injury, which occurs when a person experiences a traumatic event such as violence, abuse, or war. It can cause symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares, or post-traumatic stress disorder.
Choice D: Object penetrates the brain or trauma is so severe that the scalp and skull are opened is incorrect because it is not a closed traumatic brain injury. It is a type of open traumatic brain injury, which occurs when a foreign object such as a bullet, knife, or bone fragment enters the brain or when a blunt force trauma such as a fall, collision, or assault causes a fracture or laceration of the skull. This can damage the brain tissue, blood vessels, and nerves and cause bleeding, swelling, or infection.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A: Inability to move or respond except for eye movements due to a lesion affecting the pons is a description of locked-in syndrome, as it is a state of complete paralysis and preserved consciousness caused by damage to the brainstem.
Choice B: Unconsciousness, unarousable unresponsiveness is not a description of locked-in syndrome, but rather a description of coma, as it is a state of complete loss of consciousness and reflexes caused by severe brain injury.
Choice C: Unresponsiveness to the environment, makes no movement or sound but sometimes opens eyes is not a description of locked-in syndrome, but rather a description of akinetic mutism, as it is a state of severe apathy and reduced motor activity caused by damage to the frontal lobes or basal ganglia.
Choice D: Devoid of cognitive function but has sleep-wake cycles is not a description of locked-in syndrome, but rather a description of persistent vegetative state, as it is a state of minimal awareness and responsiveness caused by widespread brain damage.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A: Headache is not a late sign of intracranial pressure, but rather an early sign of increased pressure or irritation of the meninges.
Choice B: Confusion is not a late sign of intracranial pressure, but rather an early sign of impaired cognition or orientation.
Choice C: Stupor to coma is a late sign of intracranial pressure, as it indicates a severe deterioration of consciousness or brain function.
Choice D: Weakness is not a late sign of intracranial pressure, but rather a sign of focal neurological deficit or hemiparesis.
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